2 (1971): 253. GRANGER MOVEMENT. Within the Cite this article tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. On specific political questions each economic area has reflected its peculiar interests" (Prof. F.J. Turner). The Granger movement rebounded in the 20th century, however, especially in the eastern part of the country. By the 1880s, the popularity of the movement began to wane significantly. Granger movement. The railroad transformed life in the United States during the gilded age. In addition to farming practices, it was to provide insurance and benevolent aid to members. Grain Elevator: A tower for storing grain. Stop procrastinating with our study reminders. A year later, the order expanded into nine states. The Granger Movement supported price restrictions on railroads and grain elevators. Thus it was with the railway question. WebThe Granger movement thus revealed the farmer as a political power and forced the older parties to give more attention to his demands. a campaign for state control of railroads and grain Granges founded numerous cooperative elevators, creameries, and general stores, although most of these establishments failed to survive the ruthless competition of private business. Test your knowledge with gamified quizzes. Membership usually included males or females above 16 years of age. The first Grange, Grange #1, was founded in 1868 in Fredonia, New York. Seven men and one woman co-founded the Grange: Oliver Hudson Kelley, William Saunders, Francis M. McDowell, John Trimble, Aaron B. Grosh, John R. Thompson, William M. Ireland, and Caroline Hall. What was the Granger movement simple explanation? The Colored Farmers' National Alliance and Cooperative Union (formed 1888, merged in the above Southern Alliance in 1890) was the second greatest organization. With these three were associated many others, state and national, including an annual, non-partisan, deliberative and advisory Farmers National Congress. Kelley was an employee of the Department of Agriculture in Following an appeal to the Illinois Supreme Court, which resulted in the affirmation of the law, the case was taken to the U.S. Supreme Court. Illinois. . The initiative and referendum, and other proposals of reform politics in the direction of a democratic advance, also enter in a measure into their propaganda.[1]. This era housed major events such as the Industrial Revolution and the implementation of major immigration policies. Granger movement, coalition of U.S. farmers, particularly in the Middle West, that fought monopolistic grain transport practices during the decade following the American Civil War. S, in particular, the ones that lived in the Middle WebThe Granger Revolution. The Grangers launched their political organizations without a party to advocate for them. Husbandry: The management and cultivation of crops. They had learned that their political power, when they chose to use it, was great. Pronunciation: U.S. Hist. Where did the name for the Granger movement come from? When the farmers united in this new organization, their shared conflict with rail companies quickly became the central issue. Woods, Thomas A. Knights of the Plow: Oliver H. Kelley and the Origins of the Grange in Republican Ideology. Its 100% free. [2] The Illinois granger laws led to several important court cases, two of which were Munn v. Illinois and the Wabash Case. Upload unlimited documents and save them online. Encyclopedia.com. The Granger Laws were a series of laws passed in several midwestern states of the United States, namely Minnesota, Iowa, Wisconsin, and Illinois, in the late 1860s and early 1870s. Beginning in 1867, the Granger movement took shape in America's farmland. The organization is not as large as its peak in the 1870s but does continue to voice farm issues to this day. In addition to his concern for the farmers, he believed the organization would bring the Northerners and Southerners back together to help heal the wounds of the Civil War. The monopolies enjoyed by railroad companies and the grain elevators, often owned by rail companies, offered them no alternative to predatory rates. The term "Granger" comes from "Grange," the word used for a local chapter of the organization. https://www.britannica.com/event/Granger-movement, CALS Encyclopedia of Arkansas History and Culture - National Grange of the Order of the Patrons of Husbandry, Granger movement - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). The National Farmers Alliance and Industrial Union, formed in 1889, embraced several originally independent organizations (including The Agricultural Wheel) formed from 1873 onwards; it was largely confined to the South and was secret. [1] Thus, the Southern Alliance in 1890 (the chief platforms were the one at Ocala, Florida, and that of 1889 at St Louis, Missouri, in conjunction with the Knights of Labor) declared its principles to be: (1) To labour for the education of the agricultural classes in the science of economical government in a strictly non-partisan way, and to bring about a more perfect union of such classes. [6], The People's Party emphasized free silver, the income tax, eight-hour day, reclamation of land grants, government ownership of railways, telephones and telegraphs, popular election of federal senators, and the initiative and referendum. Kelley traveled across the country establishing Granges; he found his greatest support in Minnesota. The Granger Movement was begun in the late 1860s by farmers who called for government regulation of railroads and other industries whose prices and practices, they claimed, were monopolistic and unfair. With the rise of the Greenback Party and later organizations for the expression of agricultural protest, however, the Granger movement began to subside late in the 1870s. While other states such as Illinois implemented a system of price regulation by administrative bodies, Wisconsin adopted a strict legislative regulation policy on rate fixing. Ignatius Donnelly was one of the principal organizers, and his weekly newspaper Anti-Monopolist was highly influential. Membership was open to both men and women, and each local group was known as a Grange. Retrieved November 29, 2022 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/law/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/granger-movement. Equally important as the political activities of the various Granges were their business ventures. The Grange, also known as the Patrons of Husbandry, was organized in 1867 to assist farmers with purchasing machinery, building grain elevators, lobbying for government regulation of railroad shipping fees and providing a support network for farm The movementand especially the Grange, for on most important points the latter movements only followed where it had ledcontributed the initial impulse and prepared the way for the establishment of traveling and local rural libraries, reading courses, lyceums, farmers institutes (a steadily increasing influence) and rural free mail delivery (inaugurated experimentally in 1896 and adopted as part of the permanent postal system of the country in 1902); for agricultural exhibits and an improved agricultural press; for encouragement to and increased profit from the work of agricultural colleges, the establishment (1885) and great services of the United States Department of Agriculture, -- in short, for an extraordinary lessening of rural isolation and the betterment of the farmers opportunities; for the irrigation of the semi-arid West, adopted as a national policy in 1902, the pure-food laws of 1906, the interstate-commerce law of 1887, the railway-rate laws of 1903 and 1906, even the great Bureau of Commerce-and-Labor law of 1903, and the Anti-trust laws of 1903 and later. Everything you need for your studies in one place. https://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/granger-movement, "Granger Movement As with the Grange, so in the ends and declarations of the whole later movement, concrete remedial legislation for agricultural or economic ills was mingled with principles of vague radical tendency and with lofty idealism. What goal did the Granger Movement switch to after it was founded? Where were Granger Laws repealed by the state because they were too strict? The Illinois granger laws focused primarily on eliminating the discrimination between long- and short-haul rates of railroads and regulating the maximum price charged by grain storage facilities. "Farmer movements and organizations: Numbers, gains, losses. ." As it expanded throughout the state, it became the Omissions? Crime and Punishment in Industrial Britain, Advantages of North and South in Civil War, African Americans in the Revolutionary War, Civil War Military Strategies of North and South, Environmental Effects of The Columbian Exchange, Native Americans in the Revolutionary War, Formed in 1867 as Patrons of Husbandry by Oliver Hudson Kelley, It became known as the Granger Movement because a Grange was a local chapter of the organization, Focus changed to fighting high railroad costs set by monopoly rail companies, Succeeded in getting Granger Laws passed, which regulated rail rates. 1963). Another factor that led to the organization's waning was an unsuccessful attempt to create co-ops where the Grangers would manufacture their farm equipment. a campaign for state control of railroads and grain elevators, esp. Encyclopedia.com. The pre-Civil War era had already seen some successful state regulationas early as 1831 in New York State, for example. The main goal of the Granger was to regulate rising fare prices of railroad and grain elevator companies after the American Civil War. Learn more about the world with our collection of regional and country maps. The original objects of the Grange were primarily educational, but these were soon overborne by an anti-middleman, co-operative movement. On that day, many rural audiences listened with approval to the reading of a "Farmers' Declaration of Independence," which recited farmers' grievances and asserted their determination to use the power of the state to free themselves from the tyranny of monopoly. "[6], In its local manifestations the whole movement was often marked by eccentric ideas, narrow prejudices and weaknesses in economic reasoning. [1] The Granger Laws were promoted primarily by a group of farmers known as The National Grange of the Order of Patrons of Husbandry. By the mid-1870s nearly every state had at least one Grange, and national membership reached close to 800,000. The Farmers movement was the beginning of widespread, effective protest against "the menace of privilege" in the United States. However, the date of retrieval is often important. The day it was published, July 4, 1873, became known as the Farmer's Fourth of July. [citation needed], Practically all the great organizations demanded the abolition of national banks, the free coinage of silver, a sufficient issue of government paper money, tariff revision, and a secret ballot (the last was soon realized). Who was going to stand up to the abuses? The fixing of rates led to many negative economic effects for the state. While employed by the Department of Agriculture, Kelley made a tour of the South and was struck by the enslavement of southern farmers to outworn methods of agriculture. The primary goal of the Granger movement shifted from education to standing up to the rail companies. The Potter Law in Wisconsin was among the most stringent on rail companies and fixed the rate so low that rail service became unprofitable in the state. [3], The Grange grew remarkably during the early years: at its peak, its membership rose to 1.5 million. What is the meaning of Granger? The National Grange, as it is called, remains a fraternal organization of farmers and takes an active stance on national legislation affecting the agricultural sector. Outgrowths of the Granger Movement included several independent political parties focused on farmers and agricultural concerns. The Grangers had secret rituals similar to those of fraternal organizations such as the Masons, of which Kelley had also been a member, per History Daily. The Patrons of Husbandry as a lodge survived the Granger movement, won new eastern adherents to replace the western deserters, and in the twentieth century even recovered some of its influence in politics. Where was the Granger Movement most popular? Member-ship claims reached a maximum during the mid-1870s of about 800,000, with the total number of Granges estimated at about 20,000. . Many state legislatures were soon full of Granger-supported candidates. In 1871, Illinois farmers got state laws passed that capped the rates charged by railroads and grain-storage facilities. However, it accomplished a vast amount of good. A grange was the smallest local unit of the organization. Find definitions for: Grang'er Move"ment. Illinois, followed by Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Iowa, passed laws that limited the rates which could be charged for the transportation and storage of grain, known as Granger Laws. See alsoAgrarianism ; Farmers Institutes ; Munn v. Illinois ; Patrons of Husbandry ; Populism . Many of these talented individuals covered themes of oppression, resilience, Black excellence, and Black pride. The Grange also had a voice within Washington, D.C. working with other organizations on issues from railroad regulations to farm loans to universal suffrage. Rail companies attempted to fight the regulations, challenging their constitutionality to the US Supreme Court in what was called Granger Cases. The official name of the National Grange is the Patrons of Husbandry the Granger movement was successful in regulating the railroads and grain warehouses Wabash case By the end of 1869 there were thirty-seven active Granges in Minnesota. Why was the Granger Movement originally founded? In 1867, the Grange began efforts to establish regulation of the railways as common-carriers, by the states. The act, however, provided no adequate means of enforcement, and nothing came of it. Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. Each local unit, or Grange, was admonished to select among its officers a "lecturer," whose duty should be to provide some educational diversion, such as a lecture or a paper, for every meeting. ", Rothstein, Morton. [1], Railways had been extended into frontier states; there were heavy crops in sparsely settled regions where freight-rates were high, so that given the existing distributive system there were over production and waste; there was notorious stock manipulation and discrimination in rates; and the farmers regarded absentee ownership of railways by New York capitalists much as absentee ownership of land has been regarded in Ireland. It called for the farmers to unite and stand against the monopolies that threatened their livelihoods. In 1866, Just a year before starting the movement, Kelley had been surprised by the state of agricultural practices while on a tour of the South. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Once the farmers joined together and discussed the issues they were facing, the real growth and popularity of the organization stemmed from its ability to organize farmers as a larger union. Therefore, its best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publications requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html. They found that business cooperatives, although hazardous, might limit the toll paid to middlemen and that such social and educational activities as the Grange had fostered could greatly brighten rural life. Granger Movement (National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry) (1867) a farmers' organization and movement that started as a social/educational association; the Grange later organized politically to pass a series of laws to regulate railroads in various states. The Alliance movement reached its greatest power about 1890, in which year twelve national farmers organizations were represented in conventions in St Louis, and the six leading ones alone probably had a membership of 5,000,000. The Granger Movement was begun in the late 1860s by farmers who called for government regulation of railroads and other industries whose prices and practices, The Granger laws were state laws passed in the late 1860s and early 1870s regulating the fees grain elevator companies and railroads charged farmers to store and transport their crops. Supreme Court challenges to the Granger laws led to the enactment of the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887. Who were the Grangers and what did they do? While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. . New York: Greenwood Press, 1991. WebGranger movement definition, a campaign for state control of railroads and grain elevators, especially in the north central states, carried on during the 1870s by secretary of agriculture, secretary of commerce, vice president of the united states Nordin, Dennis S. Rich Harvest: A History of the Grange, 18671900. ." Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. By 1875 there were over 850,000 Grangers. Shocked by the ignorance there of sound agricultural practices, Kelley in 1867 began an organizationthe Patrons of Husbandryhe hoped would bring farmers together for educational discussions and social purposes. The National Farmers Alliance, formed in 1880, went back similarly to 1877, was much smaller, Northern and non-secret. In the presidential election of 1892, it cast 1,041,021 votes (in a total of 12,036,089), and elected 22 presidential electors, the first chosen by any third party since 1856. Social Gospel Movement Timeline. Retrieved November 29, 2022 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/granger-movement. Nor was co-operation limited to distributive processes; crop reports were circulated, co-operative dairies multiplied, flour mills were operated, and patents were purchased, that the Grange might manufacture farm machinery. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Thus, by 1876, it had already ceased to be of national political importance. To conservatives, however, cooperation seemed communism, and Grange laws agrarianism; thus, in 1873-1874, the growth of the movement aroused extraordinary interest and much uneasiness. ], and the name, Grange, became a reproach[why?]. [2], Wisconsins granger laws were among, if not the, most severe of the four states. Create and find flashcards in record time. These laws the railroads flatly refused to obey, a position in which they were sustained by the state supreme court. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. A man named Ignatius Donnelly and his newspaper Anti-Monopolist were central in these efforts. [1], About 1880, a renaissance began, particularly in the Middle States and New England; this revival was marked by a recurrence to the original social and educational objects. By 1880 membership had dropped to slightly more than 100,000. The U.S. Supreme Court then ruled that because the company was in a business that affected the public interest, the government could in fact regulate the company. In 1867, the American farmer was in desperate straits. Customers, competitors, and workers all suffered from the action of rail companies whose power had allowed them undue influence over politicians of both parties. The significance of their actions would continue to develop, though, as the Supreme Court striking down an Illinois Granger Law in 1886 led to the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887. WebThe alliance movement in the South had its genesis as the Texas Alliance, founded in the mid-1870s in Lampasas county in Texas. ." Although Kelley had intended the organization to grow nationwide, it found favor mainly in the Midwest. Certain aspects of the Granger Laws varied from state to state, but all of the involved states shared the same intent: to make pricing of railroad rates more favorable to farmers, small rural farmers in particular, in the states. Nor could politics be excluded, though officially taboo, for economics must be considered by social idealists, and economics everywhere ran into politics. . It served as the vehicle through wh, Grandval, Marie Flicie Clmence de Reiset, Grandval (Hirsch-Ollendorf), Gilbert Yves Edmond, https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/granger-movement, https://www.encyclopedia.com/law/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/granger-movement, https://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/granger-movement, Farmers' Protest Movements, 18701900 (Issue). Robert F. Boden, Railroads and the Granger Laws, Marquette Law Review 54, no. Farmers couldn't grow their crops without bringing in agricultural products; without distant markets, they had nowhere to sell. The court decided that states could regulate businesses of a public nature. Per the Minnesota Historical Society, the Grange was founded by Minnesota farmer and agricultural innovator and leader Oliver Kelley and six other members of the United States Bureau of Agriculture after Kelley's niece Caroline Hall offered encouragement and ideas for how the organization should function. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. The Grangers, an organization of He had been sent to Virginia to assess Southern agricultural resources and practices. Ironically, by challenging Granger Laws, monopolies had begun the process leading to their federal regulation and eventual breakup. In 1871 Illinois farmers were able to get their state legislature to pass a bill fixing maximum rates that railroads and grain-storage facilities could charge. "To h, Not since the depression of 1873 had America experienced economic hardship like that felt by Americans of all socioeconomic classes in 1893. 29 Nov. 2022 . Nevertheless, the U.S. Supreme Court, in Munn v. Illinois and a number of other cases, all decided in 1877, sustained the Granger contention that businesses of a public nature could, in accordance with the federal Constitution, be subjected to state regulationa precedent of far-reaching consequence. Grange ." Our editors update and regularly refine this enormous body of information to bring you reliable information. West's Encyclopedia of American Law. Some of the first activist work taken on by the Grange includedopposing the manufacturing and processing monopolies that fixed grain and livestock prices, putting farmers at a disadvantage. Kelley had always been interested in the latest farming techniques. The Granges soon evolved into the national Granger Movement. ", Theodore Saloutos, "The Grange in the South, 1870-1877. During the panic of 1873 there were Granges in every state of the Union but four. Grange agents bought everything from farm machinery to women's dresses; hundreds of grain elevators and cotton and tobacco warehouses were bought, and even steamboat lines; mutual insurance companies were formed and joint-stock stores. began with a single individual, Oliver Hudson Kelley. In 1868 Kelley started west for his home in Minnesota and began recruiting among his former neighbors. In this movement, there were three periods, popularly known as the Grange, Alliance and Populist movements. As those parties rose in influence, the Granger movement from which they originated fell out of favor. [1], The outcome in some states was ruin[how? 29 Nov. 2022 . World Encyclopedia. in the north central states, carried on during the 1870s by members of the Patrons of Husbandry ( the Grange ), a farmers ' organization that had been formed for social and cultural purposes Free and expert-verified textbook solutions. Infoplease is part of the Sandbox Learning family of educational and reference sites for parents, teachers and students. Despite the highest proportion of its members being in Kansas and Nebraska, the Grange were most effective in Illinois, Wisconsin, Iowa, and Minnesota, where the Granger laws were eventually passed. In the midst of the 1873 national financial crisis, the group became decidedly political. In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. This ruling also applied to railroads, as railroad companies were deemed private companies serving the public interest. Kelley was an employee of the Department of Agriculture in 1866 when he made a tour of the South. ", Mayhew, Anne. "Granger Movement Per the National Grangewebsite, the organization "strengthens individuals, families and communities through grassroots action, service, education, advocacy and agriculture awareness." The Granger Laws were promoted primarily by a group of farmers known as The National Granger of the Order of Patrons of Husbandry. The main goal of the Granger was to regulate rising fare prices of railroad and grain elevator companies after the American Civil War. He believed the situation could best be remedied by an organization that would bring farmers together in groups for the study and discussion of their problems. It is not to be forgotten that owing to the movement of the frontier the United States has always been "at once a developed country and a primitive one. Hicks, John D. "Granger Movement As national director of the Congress of Racial Equality during the 1960s, James Farmer was o, The Populist Movement is the name given to an important movement of agrarian reformists in the United States during the late nineteenth century. The women formed active auxiliaries. Refer to each styles convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. The main problems confronting the Granger Movement concerned corporate ownership of grain elevators (used for the storage of crops) and railroads. WebThe Granger Movement began in the United States of America in the year 1867, This event was in support of the farmers of U. Create beautiful notes faster than ever before. The Order of the Patrons of Husbandry lives on, however. . The Granger movement began with a single individual, Oliver Hudson Kelley. As a Government official from the North, he must have received a generally hostile reception, but he was a Mason, and ended by founding his organization on the structure of that order. (November 29, 2022). [6], In 1889-1890, with the rapid growth in membership, the political (non-partisan) movement developed astonishing strength; it captured the Republican stronghold of Kansas, brought the Democratic Party to vassalage in South Carolina, revolutionized legislatures even in conservative states like Massachusetts, and seemed likely completely to dominate the South and West. [1], In a declaration of principles in 1874 Grangers were declared not to be enemies of railroads, and their cause to stand for no communism nor agrarianism. If you've spent any time in the rural United States, chances are you've seen a grange hall. What federal act came from the Granger Laws? They continue to take what they call "hometown words and policies" to Congress, just as they did in the Grange's earliest days. ), and either rigid federal regulation of railways and other means of communication or government ownership thereof. We've got you covered with our map collection. Still other issues were a modification of the patent laws (e.g., to prevent the purchase of patents to stifle competition), postal currency exchange, the eight-hour day, inequitable taxation, the single tax on land, trusts, educational qualification for suffrage, direct popular election of federal judges, of senators, and of the president, special-interest lobbying. https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/granger-movement, Hicks, John D. "Granger Movement The high prices that accompanied the Civil War in the United States and the Bismarckian wars in Europe enabled the farmers, during those wars, to pay the high charges the corporations exacted. At their Grange meetings farmers were urged to vote only for candidates who would promote agricultural interests. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS The Granger Movement was begun in the late 1860s by farmers who called for government regulation of railroads and other industries whose prices and practices, they claimed, were monopolistic and unfair. The Granger Movement: In the late 1800s, farmers organized together to take on many problems they faced. U.S. Hist. The Granger movement brought about far more comprehensive efforts, beginning in Illinois in 1871. He served as secretary of the organization until 1878. Initially, he aimed to create an education-focused organization to discuss farming methods and improve efficiency. By 1873, there were over 700,000 Grange members across 9,000 nationwide chapters. In this case the rail companies were attempting to dispute the Granger Laws as unconstitutional but the US Supreme Court sided with the Granger Laws. Create flashcards in notes completely automatically. Have all your study materials in one place. Per Britannica, by 1877 the first of what had been nicknamed the "Granger cases" had made their way all the way to the Supreme Court. To share knowledge of best agricultural practices. U.S. Hist. in the north central states, carried on during the 1870s by members of the Patrons of Husbandry ( the Grange ), a farmers ' organization that had been formed for social and cultural purposes 1442 Words6 Pages. The Grangers found unsympathetic ears from Republicans and Democrats, who had been bought by the railroads. [3], Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railway Co. v. Illinois involved a railroad company, Wabash, St. Louis, and Pacific Railway Company, serving the upper Midwest and the state of Illinois, which in 1886 resulted in the overturning of Munn v. Check ourencyclopedia for a gloss on thousands of topics from biographies to the table of elements. In 1876, the law was repealed. In case corporation control over the Republican and Democratic Parties could not be overthrown, they planned to form independent, reform, or antimonopoly parties through which to carry on the fight. StudySmarter is commited to creating, free, high quality explainations, opening education to all. The Patrons of Husbandry, or the Grange, was founded in 1867 to advance methods of agriculture, as well as to promote the social and 2022 Sandbox Networks Inc. All rights reserved. Nevertheless, these efforts in co-operation were exceedingly important both for the results obtained and for their wider significance. Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1991. Railroads and grain elevators charged excessive prices for the transportation of farm goods. [1][4], The condition of the farmer seemed desperate. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. His farming knowledge was derived from reading about the latest agricultural developments, as opposed to methods handed down to him. Cynthia Clark Northrup, The American Economy (Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, 2003), 488. [6], The Farmers' movement was much misunderstood, abused and ridiculed by the societal forces it challenged. A granger is a farmer. [4] The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in 1886 that Illinois granger laws were unconstitutional because they attempted to control interstate commerce, which had been deemed a responsibility of the federal government by Gibbons v. Ogden (1824). Corrections? Identify your study strength and weaknesses. The Grange It was a farmers' movement involving the affiliation of local farmers into area "granges" to work for their political and economic advantages. 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