Cleveland Clinic Community Care puts patients first by offering comprehensive, coordinated, personalized healthcare. In summary: Claudine Matthews celebrating World Sickle Cell Day 2019. Sickle cell disease is inherited, meaning that it runs in families. These sickle cells can catch on one another or stick to blood vessel walls where they can accumulate and cause blood vessels to become blocked. Current Management of Sickle Cell Anemia. Sickle cell anemia is an inherited blood disorder. The silent damage of sickle cell is caused by these three things: Anemia - Having too few healthy red blood cells to carry oxygen to the body's tissues. What Are the Best PsA Treatments for You? People with sickle cell anemia are at increased risk for stroke and lung, kidney, spleen and liver damage. An official website of the United States government. L-glutamine helps protect sickled cells from becoming more misshapen. The change in the shape of red blood cells affects their . (Starting in 2007, all babies born in the United States have sickle cell anemia tests right after theyre born. Then, a phase of increasing pain in the area occurs. A Survey-Based Needs Assessment of Barriers to Optimal Sickle Cell Disease Care in the Emergency Department. Splenic sequestration often causes acute anemia. You can have a blood test to find out if you have sickle cell trait that you could pass on to your children. Voxelotor (Oxbryta). Here is information on stroke symptoms: This happens when sickled cells become stuck in your spleen, forcing your spleen to get larger. VOC, or acute pain crises, is the most common reason why people with sickle cell anemia go to the emergency room or need to spend time in the hospital. Taken orally, this drug can lower the risk of anemia and improve blood flow throughout the body. Receive automatic alerts about NHLBI related news and highlights from across the Institute. Journal of Blood Medicine (2015), Hydroxyurea in sickle cell disease: drug review. What Is the Treatment for Sickle Cell Anemia? Signs of a stroke include weakness, seizures, numbness of . Sickle cell anemia is an inherited condition. About 1 in every 365 Black or African American babies are born with sickle cell disease. They can recommend different ways you can manage pain. Symptoms include: In addition to these symptoms, babies with anemia may be unusually fussy or irritable. Voxelotor (pronounced vox el oh tor) may prevent some red blood cells from being destroyed faster than your bone marrow can replace them. About Sickle Cell Disease. Sickle cell crises are often triggered by inflammatory or environmental factors. 1998 - Red Cross co-launches a national rare donor program, which helps match blood donations for patients with sickle cell. Studies show people with sickle cell anemia are constantly trying to manage pain that many times affects their quality of life. This leads to a rigid, sickle-like shape under certain circumstances. 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44195 |. Also, when they travel through small blood vessels, they get stuck and clog the blood flow. Tissue hypoxia and necrosis causes a type of sickle cell crisis called the sickle crisis. These sickled red blood cells are very fragile and the result is severe anemia, or decreased number of red blood cells. Sickle cell crisis is the most common complication of sickle cell disease (SCD). Couples who are planning to have children and know that they are at risk of having a child with sickle cell disease may want to meet with ageneticcounselor. Sickle cell disease is caused by a mutation in the hemoglobin-Beta gene found on chromosome 11. 1960s - Blood transfusions first used to treat sickle cell. Acute chest syndrome is the most common complication of sickle cell anemia. It causes: Chronic destruction of red blood cells, causing severe anemia Episodes of intense pain Vulnerability to infections Organ damage In some cases, early death Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. These medications may include hydroxyurea, voxlelotor, L-glutamine therapy and crizanlizumab. Normal red blood cells live about 120 days. Adult sickle cell disease can cause the same signs and symptoms as in children. The bone marrow continues to produce RBCs to make up for the loss. It results in an abnormality in the oxygen-carrying protein haemoglobin found in red blood cells. It may also affect people from southern European, Middle Eastern or Asian Indian ancestry. 1972 - Federal sickle cell programs established. Indian Journal of Hematology and Blood Transfusion (2014), Partners for Life: the transfusion program for patients with sickle cell disease offered at the American Red Cross Blood Services, Southern Region, Atlanta, Georgia. eMedicineHealth does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. People who inherit the mutated hemoglobin protein gene from both biological parents have sickle cell anemia. Thats why the Red Cross began the Sickle Cell Initiative and is partnering with diverse community-based and national organizations to raise awareness about health disparities associated with sickle cell disease and increase much-needed blood donations from individuals who are Black to help ensure closely matched blood products are available for patients. They may use a technique called hemoglobin electrophoresis or high-performance liquid chromatography. These sickle cells can block blood flow, and result in pain and organ damage. The hemoglobin molecules in each red blood cell carry oxygen from the lungs to organs and tissues and then bring back carbon dioxide for removal by the lungs. Blocked blood vessels prevent the organs from getting the oxygen they need which can result in pain or organ damage. 1927 - Lack of blood oxygen identified as factor. If someone has sickle cell trait, they are a carrier of the hemoglobin S gene. Advertising on our site helps support our mission. Get useful, helpful and relevant health + wellness information. This condition, called anemia, can cause a person to have less energy. However, they do have an increased risk of having children with sickle cell anemia. Sickle cell anemia is the result of a point mutation in the hemoglobin gene. Sickle cell anemia may cause serious medical conditions. People with sickle cell anemia cope with sudden bouts of excruciating pain called VOC/acute pain crises. Pain: Anyone with this red blood cell disorder has . Normal red blood cells are disc-shaped and flexible so they can fit through small blood vessels. Dactylitis, i.e., an uncomfortable swelling of the hands and feet. Researchers and healthcare providers are laser-focused on finding a cure for sickle cell anemia. If. In California and Illinois, by the end of 1995, the cumulative mortality rate was 1.5 per 100 Black or . Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited blood disorder that causes "sickle" shaped red blood cells that can stick together, blocking blood flow and oxygen from reaching all parts of the body. The abnormal hemoglobin produced by this gene mutation (hemoglobin S) can cause the red blood cells to form into an abnormal sickle shape. People who have sickle cell anemia still face potentially life-threatening medical complications. Tissue hypoxia. When a baby inherits a sickle cell gene from only one parent, it's called sickle cell trait. People with sickle cell trait have a mixture of normal and abnormal hemoglobin in their red blood cells. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), an individual with sickle cell anemia inherited a hemoglobin gene called a sickle cell trait from his or her parents. People who inherit the mutated gene from one biological parent have the sickle cell trait. Chronic deprivation of oxygen-rich blood can damage nerves and organs in your body, including your kidneys, liver and spleen. The disease causes many painful symptoms in patients. That means they can pass it on when they have a child. . Healthcare providers typically treat sickle cell anemia with blood transfusions, antibiotics to treat infections and medications that reduce symptoms caused by sickle cell anemia complications. Can you get sickle cell or are you born with it? Sickle cell crisis is a health complication of sickle cell disease, an inherited blood disorder. This means that people are born with it, just as they are born with other characteristics such as eye colour, hair texture and height. Frequent infections. Research shows that the mutation causing sickle cell disease arose in Africa thousands of years ago to help protect against malaria, a historically major cause of death there. The sixth DNA triplet, CTC, has been changed to CAC (the nitrogenous base thymine is replaced by adenine in the mutant gene). Sickle cell anemia is hereditary and what happens is that the red blood cells develop abnormally, with rigid and curved characteristics like sickle-shaped. Policy. Parents cannot give sickle cell anemia to their children unless they both have the faulty hemoglobin in their red blood cells. The American Red Cross forms the American Rare Donor Program with the American Association of Blood Banks (AABB) now known as the Association for the Advancement of Blood & Biotherapies when the organizations merge their national rare donor databases to provide closely matched blood donations requested by hospitals for patients in need. This child has sickle cell trait. However, in sickle cell disease, the body may have trouble keeping up with how fast the cells are being destroyed. That is because the child could inherit a faulty hemoglobin gene from each parent. Inheritance pattern for sickle cell disease. Sickle cell anemia is a chronic illness than cant be cured. It occurs because red blood cells become sickle-shaped, or C-shaped, instead of round. Early diagnosis is crucial, so doctors can take measures to ease some of the devastating effects of sickle cell anemia. Always consult your doctor about your medical conditions. Theyll likely plan regular tests to monitor signs and symptoms so they can diagnose and treat complications as early as possible. The sickled red blood cells are fragile and prone to rupture. A doctor studying protein chemistry in England discovers that a single genetic mutation causes the abnormal hemoglobin found in patients who inherit sickle cell disease. Over time, as sickle cell disease emerged, it became known by various names in different tribal languages in Africa, long before it was discovered in western medicine. During this phase, people may experience numbness, prickling, and aches in a certain area of the body. The causes of sickle cell anemia include: Cold temperature. This child does not have sickle cell trait or disease. Studies show hydroxyurea: This medication prevents red blood cells with abnormal hemoglobin from becoming sickled cells. The state became the first to establish newborn screening for sickle cell disease. Medical Animation Copyright 2022 Nucleus Medical Media, All rights reserved. Early diagnosis and treatment are why fewer babies and young children born in the United States die of sickle cell anemia.). Read data highlights about sickle cell disease. This gene provides instructions for the body to produce a part of hemoglobin. In 1998, an estimated 11% of patients with sickle cell anemia had a stroke before age 20 with physical signs, such as weakness in an arm or leg, sometimes referred to as an . Sickled hemoglobin is not like normal hemoglobin. These can include: 10 Dehydration High altitude Infection Stress Temperature changes What are the symptoms? Hemoglobin transports oxygen from the lungs to other parts of the body. VOC may affect any part of your body, but typically affects your abdomen, lower back, arms and legs. Genetic changes in hemoglobin gene is the causes of sickle cell anemia (Sahoo, 2020). This test identifies and measures different types of hemoglobin in red blood cells, including the abnormal hemoglobin that causes sickle cell anemia. Unlike sickle cell trait, sickle cell anemia is a blood disorder that requires ongoing medical care. Sickle cell anemia is a type of sickle cell disease, an inherited disorder that affects the bodys red blood cells. Stroke-occurs when sickle cells block the blood supply to an area of the brain. First discovery made in western medicine. Causes of Sickle Cell Disease NHLBI 00:23 Sickle cell disease is a genetic disorder caused by mutations in the beta globin genes that leads to faulty hemoglobin protein, called hemoglobin S. Hemoglobin S changes flexible red blood cells into rigid, sickle-shaped cells. The severity of the disease depends on the mutation of the gene. Learn about symptoms, treatment, causes, inheritance, testing, complications, and more. Overall, the incidence of serious bacterial infections was found to be 16% in one study. Hemoglobin enables red blood cells to carry oxygen from the lungs throughout the body. Sickled cells self-destruct within 10 to 20 days. The most common type is known as sickle cell anaemia. What causes sickle cell anemia? Linton EA, Goodin DA, Hankins JS, et al. As the civil rights movement underscores racial inequality in health care, Congress passes the National Sickle Cell Anemia Control Act (1972), which creates the first federal programs for sickle cell education, counseling, research, treatment and voluntary screening. Immunohematology: Journal of Blood Group Serology and Education (2006), Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in sickle cell disease: patient selection and special considerations. When this happens, oxygen can't reach nearby tissues. This process can be reversed by capturing oxygen again in the lungs, but with each transformation, the membrane deteriorates, and the abnormal shape of the red blood cell becomes irreversible. These can include:10, A typical pain crisis is a sudden onset of pain in the lower back or in joints of the arms and legs. The causes of sickle cell would make it common for you to have delayed puberty and strokes". People who inherit one sickle cell gene and one normal gene have sickle cell trait. Learn more about the initiative and how you can get involved. Those who inherit the gene from only one parent may have sickle cell trait but usually do not develop sickle cell anemia. Pain in Different Areas - This happens when the blood circulation to a region is obstructed because sickled cells have been clogged in the blood vessel. 2021 - Red Cross launches the Sickle Cell Initiative with partners. There are, however, medications that healthcare providers use to manage sickle cell anemia complications. Medical Animation Copyright 2022 Nucleus Medical Media, All rights reserved. A Chicago physician publishes the first medical paper about a blood sample that showed sickle-shaped and crescent-shaped red blood cells for a 20-year-old student from Grenada, who was severely anemic and experiencing pain episodes. Healthcare providers typically recommend transplantation for people who have severe complications such as stroke, acute chest syndrome or recurring VOC/acute pain crises. 2017-2021 - Additional medications approved to treat sickle cell disease. Because sickled cells are short-lived or destroyed, there are less red blood cells available in the body. Symptoms include: Living with VOC is one of the more difficult aspects of having sickle cell anemia. Sickle cell anemia is one of a group of inherited blood disorders marked by flawed hemoglobin, the protein molecule in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the tissues in the body . An Indiana surgeon and intern discover that a lack of oxygen causes red blood cells to sickle and patients relatives who didnt have sickle cell disease could have this sickling characteristic, which became later known as the sickle cell trait. Early advancements in treatment and awareness, Treatments and Red Cross programs advance. Causes of sickle cell anemia. Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is an inherited disorder which causes red blood cells to become "sickled.". Some local Red Cross regions in places such as Atlanta, St. Louis and Philadelphia establish area programs with community partners and local hospitals to recruit blood donors to provide closely matched blood donations for patients with sickle cell. Children may not grow as fast as other children their age or may enter puberty later than children their age. Choices during pregnancy or childbirth do not affect the genes that cause. In children, hydroxyurea eases dactylitis, which causes painful swelling. Recently, researchers have learned a lot more about these changes . 2010-22 Health Union, LLC. Its also the most common cause of death and the second most common cause of hospital admission. People can have sickle cell trait without having sickle cell disease or sickle anemia. Sickle cell trait doesn't cause symptoms, but people with this condition are "carriers" meaning they're at risk of having children with sickle cell disease. Sickle cell hemoglobin (HbS) causes red blood cells to form a sickle shape. Sickle cell anaemia is caused by a mutation in a gene called haemoglobin beta (HBB), located on chromosome 11.; It is a recessive genetic disease, which means that both copies of the gene must contain the mutation for a person to have sickle cell anaemia. In the U.S., 1 in 12 African-Americans carry this mutation, according to The Sickle Cell Association of Texas Marc Thomas Foundation. Symptoms include: People with sickle cell anemia have an increased risk for infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and non-Typhi Salmonella species. When the hemoglobin gene mutates, it creates sickled cells that cant navigate the network of blood vessels that carry oxygen, nutrients and hormones throughout your body. Sickle cell anemia is a disease in which people have some red blood cells with an abnormal crescent shape, which can cause blocked blood vessels, pain, and organ damage. Mangla A, Ehsan M, Agarwal N, Maruvada S. National Human Genome Research Institute. As a result, you dont have enough healthy red blood cells and you develop anemia, the condition that gives sickle cell anemia its name. Sickle cell disease is caused by mutations in the beta-globin (HBB) gene that lead to the production of an abnormal version of a subunit of hemoglobin the protein responsible for carrying oxygen in red blood cells.This mutated version of the protein is known as hemoglobin S. Other hemoglobin variants include A (the most common type found in healthy adults), A2, C, D, E, and F. Decreases instances of acute chest syndrome. Complications and Treatments of Sickle Cell Disease. All rights reserved. 1910 - First discovery made in western medicine. Both boys and girls can inherit sickle cell trait, sickle cell disease, or normal hemoglobin. About 100,000 people in the United States have sickle cell disease. Vaso-occlusion - Blockage of blood vessels by sickled red blood cells, which can lead to pain crises and organ damage. A patient receives the first gene-editing treatment for sickle cell disease as part of a clinical trial. The pain may be:2, Sickle cell crises seem to develop in specific phases. The major cause of readmission is sickle cell pain that was not controlled at home or in the ER.1. Sickle cell disease was first described by James B Herrick in 1910. The first phase usually lasts 1 to 2 days. Applicants must be US citizens (permanent residents only), have been diagnosed with sickle cell disease, and be enrolled in four-year college programs. It causes severe chest pain and is associated with symptoms such as cough, fever, sputum production, shortness of breath, and. Sickle cell anemia can cause pains including joint stiffness, muscle weakness, bone pain and abdominal or chest pain. 1949 - Sickle cell named as first molecular disease. Sickled cells develop over time. Sickle cell anemia may cause malaise and anorexia, which can lead to decreased oral fluid intake. When they burst, they release molecules that can trigger immune cells and promote inflammation.8,9, Sickle cell crises are often triggered by inflammatory or environmental factors. In some cases, these medications can keep sickle cell anemia from getting worse. The first stem cell transplant for sickle cell is performed, representing the first curative therapy for the disease. 1990s - Red Cross regions start local blood donation programs for sickle cell. Symptoms include: About 35% of all people who are assigned male at birth (AMAB) who have sickle cell anemia develop priapism, or painful erections, that last four hours or more. (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7511000/?msclkid=a62e1ef8c63811ec9825a097cc3cb9d1), (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482164/?msclkid=f19effc8c63911ec8fd8af18bade5b94), (https://www.marchofdimes.org/complications/sickle-cell-disease-and-your-baby.aspx?msclkid=9cb2f51cc63711eca1ca75f2d466f820). . Organ damage can be fatal. 10 Things People With Depression Wish You Knew, Red blood cells carry oxygen to the organs in the body using a protein called. Among the children with Hb SS disease, 1% died as a result of SCD-related causes during the first 3 years of life. Official websites use .gov Heres why: Sickle cell anemia symptoms typically start when babies are 5 to 6 months old. Approximately 11% of people with sickle cell anemia have strokes by age 20, and 24% have strokes by age 45. Right now, allogenic stem cell transplantation is the only way healthcare providers can cure sickle cell anemia and other forms of sickle cell disease. Sickle cell anemia essay conclusion - They have used to conclusion essay cell sickle anemia define a factor. Despite the discovery of the disease in western medicine more than a century ago, there have been fewer health resources available to help those suffering from sickle cell disease in comparison to similar diseases. About half of reported cases of acute chest syndrome happen after a hospital stay for a pain crisis. a genetic disorder that causes abnormal hemoglobin, resulting in some red blood cells assuming an abnormal sickle shape. The initiative builds on years of local Red Cross programs serving communities with larger populations of people living with sickle cell disease. (Unfortunately, there are many places in the world where people still dont have access to effective medical treatment for sickle cell anemia.). Sickle cell anemia is caused by a genetic condition inherited from both parents. Secure .gov websites use HTTPS Anyone who has sickle cell anemia is at risk for stroke, including babies. Symptoms of sickle cell anemia frequently begin when a baby is a few months old and may include: Sickle cell anemia treatment is aimed at treating symptoms and preventing organ damage and infection. Sickle Cell Disease Implementation Consortium. Sickle cell disease is an enduring and often invisible condition associated with health outcome and resource disparities in the U.S. Red Cross launches the Sickle Cell Initiative with partners. Sickle cells can impair nearly all your body's vital organs, including the heart, lungs, kidneys, eyes, liver, gallbladder, and brain. Sickle cell disease causes "sickle" shaped red blood cells. Anxiety, fear, and problems with ER personnel often occur during this phase. Starting about 10 years ago, healthcare providers began making huge strides in treating sickle cells anemia. This results in anemia. However, healthcare providers have treatments that reduce the risk of complications and ease symptoms when they happen. Sickle cell anemia is a form of the inherited blood disorder, sickle cell disease. We do not endorse non-Cleveland Clinic products or services. Most pain events are managed at home, but severe pain must be treated in a hospital. Sickle cell anemia is caused by a genetic condition inherited from both parents. What causes sickle cell anemia mutation? This can lead to hypoxia (low oxygen levels) and ischemia (reduced blood flow), which can damage many organs.8,9, In addition, sickle cells tend to rupture quickly and easily. Can sickle cell develop later in life? This information is not designed to replace a physicians independent judgment about the appropriateness or risks of a procedure for a given patient. Sickle cell anemia may cause a variety of complications like : Pulmonary hypertension-this is more common in adults than in children and may present with shortness of breath and fatigue. In 2019, the FDA approved crizanlizumab-tmca (pronounced criz-l-izum-ab) medication to treat people age 16 and older. Sickle cell anemia is a disease in which people have some red blood cells with an abnormal crescent shape, which can cause blocked blood vessels, pain, and organ damage. A California chemistry professor identifies sickle cell as a molecular disease the first of its kind, of which there are now thousands and determines its caused by abnormal hemoglobin, the protein that carries oxygen in blood. They have enough normal hemoglobin in their red blood cells to prevent the cells from sickling. It may also be fatal. But by learning about conditions and symptoms, people with sickle cell anemia can seek help at the first sign of trouble so healthcare providers can treat the condition. Genetic Causes of Sickle Cell Anemia The trait that causes sickle cell anemia is recessive, which means that the disorder will only occur in a person who is homozygous recessive for the sickle cell trait. Babies born with sickle cell anemia may not have symptoms for several months. Patients can have one defective gene (sickle cell trait) or two defective genes . Darkening or shadow covering part of your vision. Now, healthcare providers are able to diagnose sickle cell and begin treatment that eases symptoms and complications. Sickle cell disease (SCD) affects millions of people throughout the world. Common symptoms include: Healthcare providers diagnose sickle cell anemia by taking blood samples. Pain crisis, or sickle crisis. the gene for -globin, a component of hemoglobin, and is called a qualitative hemoglobinopathy. Hydroxyurea (pronounced hye drox ee ure ee a) is an anticancer drug now used to treat sickle cell anemia. For further information contact: Sickle Cell Society 54 Station Road London, NW10 4UA UK Tel 020 8961 7795 Fax 020 8961 8346 Sickle cell anemia is a disease in which the patient's red blood cells have an abnormal shape much like that of a sickle. Sickle cell causes lifetime debilitation from chronic anemia, organ . Symptoms are painful sores that dont heal. The vaso occlusion results in recurrent painful episodes called sickle cell crises. As people with sickle cell anemia grow older, they may develop different and more serious medical problems that happen when organ tissues dont receive enough oxygen. People who have sickle cell disease inherit two faulty hemoglobin genes, called hemoglobin S one from each parent. Then, they examine the samples for signs of the sickle hemoglobin gene that causes the condition. This leads to a lasting shortage of red cells that causes anemia. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Feeling short of breath during exercise or activity and difficulty breathing when at rest. A baby born now is likely to live well into their 50s. Cold can aggravate the sickling process, because vasoconstriction slows the blood flow. Sickle cell anemia, or sickle cell disease (SCD), is the most common form of inherited blood disorder. Hemoglobin transports oxygen from the lungs to other parts of the body. Sickle cell anemia (sickle cell disease) is a disorder of the blood caused by inherited abnormal hemoglobin (the oxygen-carrying protein within the red blood cells). Sickle cells sometimes damage your tissues, leading to ulcers. Immunohematology: Journal of Blood Group Serology and Education (2006), A Phase 3 Randomized Trial of Voxelotor in Sickle Cell Disease. If you or your child has sickle cell anemia, ask your healthcare provider what you can do now and what you should expect. When sickle-shaped red blood cells block blood flow to the hands and feet, this causes swelling. Symptoms include: People who have sickle cell anemia may have mild, moderate or severe forms of anemia. Sickle cell trait isnt a disease. Sickle Cell Disorder is a condition which is inherited from both parents. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has the following suggestions for living well with sickle cell anemia: Sickle cell anemia is a chronic illness with symptoms that change over time. Now, thanks to early detection and new treatments, about half of all people who have sickle cell anemia live into their 50s. Healthcare providers can diagnose sickle cell anemia before your baby is born. People who do not know whether they carry a faulty hemoglobin gene can ask their provider to have their blood tested. Healthcare providers sometimes call VOC the invisible illness because people who are having a pain crisis many times dont have symptoms other than sudden excruciating pain thats only eased with opioid painkillers. Red Cross regions start local blood donation programs for sickle cell. To manage pain naturally, try applying warm compresses to painful areas for about 15 minutes at a time . Red blood cells need to be flexible to squeeze and slide their way through narrow blood vessels. This occurs when the flow of blood is blocked to an area because the sickled cells have become stuck in the blood vessel. If you and your partner both have sickle cell trait, your child has a 25% chance of being born with sickle cell anemia. It mostly affects people whose ancestry links back to parts of the world where many people have malaria and carry a gene that provides partial protection against anemia. Sickle cell disease is a group of inherited red blood cell disorders that affect hemoglobin, the protein that carries oxygen through the body. Discover the symptoms of . Mutations in the gene that controls the body's production of hemoglobin cause an abnormal form of the protein, called hemoglobin S, which leads to malformed red blood cells. Sometimes, they have acute pain that happens when sickled cells block blood flow. Even so, people who have sickle cell anemia live 20 to 30 years less than people who dont have the condition. Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic disorder caused by a mutation in the HBB gene. As a group, patients with sickle cell are the largest users of the national rare blood inventory. Sickle cell disease or sickle cell anemia is the most common of the hereditary blood disorders among black people of African descent worldwide. At the DNA level, this mutation is: a transition mutation a missense mutation a frameshift mutation a transversion . If the childs other parent also has sickle cell trait or another faulty hemoglobin gene, such as beta () thalassemia, hemoglobin C, hemoglobin D, or hemoglobin E, that child has a chance of having sickle cell disease. Thanks to early detection and new treatments, about half of all people who have sickle cell anemia live into their 50s. 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