The live page test results should indicate what the issue is: use the information from the test and the test documentation to learn how to fix the issue. On the evening of 10 July 2014, users became able to use Google's services and functions, but users reported that access was denied the next day. Google and China have been locked in an awkward tango for over a decade, constantly grappling over who leads and who follows. That confluence of forces brought results. Discover special offers, top stories, For an AMP tag error, this can mean that you either fixed the tag or that the tag has been removed (if the tag is not required). The Chinese government oversees a technology sector that is profitable, innovative, and driven largely by domestic companiesan enviable position to be in. GreatFire said that the block was far-reaching, and that Google simply wasn't working. [39], Despite statements from Google executives that their work had been "exploratory", "in early stages" and that Google was "not close to launching a search product in China",[40][41] on 21 September 2018 The Intercept reported the existence of an internal memo authored by a Google engineer that revealed details about the project. What if that pressurevia antitrust action or new legislationeffectively forced the company to choose between the American and Chinese markets? Between 2010 and 2015, there was an explosion of new products and companies. To see how Google sees the page, run a live URL inspection test against the page and click View tested page to see a screenshot showing how Google renders the page. Google'sfirst foray into Chinese markets was a short-lived experiment. The page has been indexed successfully. In a long enough time period, do I think that this kind of regime approach will end? Since then, users from mainland China found that Google's various sub-sites and other services (Google Play, Gmail, Google Docs, etc.) [23], On 8 December 2016, Google held the Google Developer Day China 2016 in the China National Convention Center,[24] and announced the creation of a developer website for mainland Chinese developers, including Google Developers China (developers.google.cn), Android Developers China (developer.android.google.cn), and Firebase China (firebase.google.cn). The following options are available: A URL is considered to submitted by a sitemap even if it was also discovered through some other mechanism (for example, by organic crawling from another page). Conceptual illustration containing a pagoda and dragonfly and technological elements, Heres how a Twitter engineer says it will break in the coming weeks. WebThe best opinions, comments and analysis from The Telegraph. Six months earlier, following riots in Xinjiang, the government had blocked Facebook, Twitter, and Googles YouTube in one fell swoop, fortifying the Great Firewall. The government was making a bet: China and its technology sector did not need Google search to succeed. On 19 July 2005, Kai-Fu Lee, a former Microsoft executive and the founder in 1998 of Microsoft Research Asia,[7] joined Google and officially became the president of Google China. Having a page marked duplicate or alternate is usually a good thing; it means that we've found the canonical page and indexed it. But in August 2018, the investigative journalism website The Intercept reported that the company was working on a secret prototype of a new, censored Chinese search engine, called Project Dragonfly. HTTP 403 means that the user agent provided credentials, but was not granted access. In 2017, the government launched a new crackdown on virtual private networks, software widely used for circumventing censorship. Remember, though, that Google automatically recrawls your pages, so don't bother asking for a recrawl unless there is an important change, and Google doesn't seem to have noticed it for a while (a week or more). Observers talk as if the decision about whether to reenter the worlds largest market is up to Google: will it compromise its principles and censor search the way China wants? [citation needed], In 2009, one-third of all searches in China were on Google. If you think that Google has chosen the wrong URL as canonical, you can explicitly mark the canonical for this page. How Many Internet Users Are There in China? Googles exit in 2010 marked a major loss of face for the Chinese government. This page returned a 404 error when requested. Google has maintained that it would continue with the research and development offices in China along with the sales offices for other Google products such as Android smartphone software. Typically, Google wanted to crawl the URL but this was expected to overload the site; therefore Google rescheduled the crawl. doesn't test all the issues covered by the Index Coverage report, allow Googlebot to access your pages by verifying its identity, explicitly mark the canonical for this page, robots.txt is not the correct mechanism to avoid being indexed, update your robots.txt file to unblock your page, This report is not used to investigate the index status of. The Source value in the table shows whether the source of the issue is Google or the website. We strongly recommend ensuring that your homepage is indexed. Dragonfly, the censored- search-engine prototype, which has been demonstrated for Chinese officials, blacklists key search terms; it would be operated as part of a joint venture with an unnamed Chinese partner. On 12 September 2000, Google announced the addition of Simplified and Traditional Chinese versions to Google.com and began to provide search services for Chinese users worldwide. This story was part of our January/February 2019 issue. Live-streaming of the match within China was forbidden, and not only in the form of video: as the Guardian put it, outlets were banned from covering the match live in any way, including text commentary, social media, or push notifications. DeepMind broadcast the match outside China. On 10 September 2004, Google.com launched Simplified Chinese Google News. Since announcing its intent to comply with Internet censorship laws in China, Google China had been the focus of controversy over what critics view as capitulation to the "Golden Shield Project". But from the Chinese governments perspective, these potential upsides are marginal. 404 responses are not necessarily a problem, if the page has been removed without any replacement. WebHome Page: Journal of Investigative Dermatology - jidonline.org Then, in May 2017, a showdown between AlphaGo, the Go-playing program built by Google sibling company DeepMind, and Ke Jie, the worlds number one human player, was allowed to take place in Wuzhen, a tourist town outside Shanghai. Search Console works through the list of known URLs affected by this issue. 2022 tpm media llc. You'll get notifications as your validation proceeds, but you can check back after a few days to see whether your error count has gone down. If Google detects that all instances of an issue have been fixed during its regular crawl, it will change the issue count to 0 on the report. Confirm that the noindex tag still exists in the live version: If you want this page to be indexed, you must remove the tag or HTTP header. Google Scholar library is your personal collection of articles. Automate and personalize your cold email outreach and prospecting with Mixmax and win more replies. A higher priority firewall rule may restrict outbound Matt Sheehan is a fellow at MacroPolo and worked with Kai-Fu Lee on his book AI Superpowers. Google has indexed the page that we consider canonical rather than this one. Google has chosen another page as the canonical for this page, and so will not serve this page in Search. The Google Pixel 7 Pro sports a gorgeous 6.7-inch AMOLED display with 3120 x 1440 or QHD+ resolution. But officials refused to cede ground. Google may additionally crawl a subset of your pages using a secondary crawler (sometimes called alternate crawler), which is the other user agent type. Learn more about evaluating and fixing 404 errors. Our in-depth reporting reveals whats going on now to prepare you for whats coming next. If it first entered China during the days of desktop internet, and departed at the dawn of the mobile internet, it is now trying to reenter in the era of AI. [62] Additionally, dozens of Gmail accounts in China, Europe, and the United States had been regularly accessed by third parties, by way of phishing or malware on the users' computers rather than a security breach at Google. It used to be that while Google wanted China, China really needed Google. Mother Load. Even if you never click Start validationGoogle can detect fixed instances of an issue. In the AMP report and Index Coverage report, entries in the validation history page are grouped by URL. You can verify this error by visiting the page in incognito mode. The page is currently blocked by a URL removal request, either by someone who manages this property in Search Console or by an approved request from a site visitor. [36] On 6 August, China Communist Party's official newspaper People's Daily published a column which was soon deleted saying that they might welcome a return of Google if it plays by Beijing's strict rules for media oversight. "Baidu CEO touts growth of China's search engine", "GOOG v. BIDU: Is Baidu No Longer the 'Google of China'? A month earlier Meituan, a Groupon clone that turned into a juggernaut of online-to-offline services, was born; it went public in September 2018 and is now worth about $35 billion. This page correctly points to the canonical page, which is indexed, so there is nothing you need to do. [19], The fact that Google had ended some of its services in China, and the reasons for it, were censored in China. (Also the song of sowing, expectation, harvest, and joy. On 4 September 2009, after four years leading Google China, Kai-Fu Lee unexpectedly left to start a venture fund, amid debate about the Chinese government's censorship policies and Google's decreasing share to rival Baidu and Sogou. Because of its self-imposed censorship, whenever people searched for prohibited Chinese keywords on a blocked list maintained by the PRC government, google.cn displayed at the bottom of the page (translated): In accordance with local laws, regulations and policies, part of the search result is not shown. [3][4] [78], 2016present: Attempts to come back to mainland China, Final sentence of the article reads "Google" (Google announced that searches in Google China will not be subject to censorship, and re-direct the entire search engine to Google Hong Kong.). If ninety days pass without any recurrences, the issue is removed from the issues table. Charting that dance over the years reveals major shifts in Chinas relationship with Google and all of Silicon Valley. The top-level summary page in the report shows a graph and count of your indexed and non-indexed (but requested) pages, as well as tables showing reasons that URLs couldn't be indexed, or other indexing improvements. Digital clones of the people we love could forever change how we grieve. So did Tencents super-app WeChat, a digital Swiss Army knife that combines aspects of WhatsApp, PayPal, and dozens of other apps from the West. Duplicate or alternate pages shouldn't be indexed. And the giants of Silicon Valley have already ceased their public criticism of Chinese internet censorship, and instead extol the countrys dynamism and innovation. China, he said, is arguably the most interesting market in the world today. Google was not just trying to make money by doing business in China, he said, but was after something bigger. could not be accessed or used normally, including sign-ins to Google Accounts. muckraker Prototypes of the app reportedly link users searches to their mobile-phone number, opening the door to greater surveillance and possibly arrest if people search for banned material. If this property is present and a country is not listed in its value, then the video is blocked from appearing in that country. [57], Google critics in the United States claimed that Google China is a flagrant violation of the Google motto, "Don't be evil". Click the row to see more details about that URL. It tried out less politically sensitive productsan everything but search strategybut with mixed success. However, Googlebot never provides credentials, so your server is returning this error incorrectly. China might be a promising market, but it was still dependent on Silicon Valley for talent, funding, and knowledge. Explore Features The Right Content at the Right Time Enable deeper learning with expertly designed, well researched and time-tested content. The company learned that the hackers had breached two Gmail accounts but were only able to access 'from' and 'to' information and subject headers of emails in these accounts. The companys global prestige and technical expertise gave it leverage. These pages should be marked in the Index Coverage report as blocked by robots.txt. If leaders give the green light to Project Dragonfly, they run that risk again. We recommend returning a 404 response code for truly "not found" pages and adding more information on the page to let us know that it is not a soft 404. [7], In January 2010, Google announced that, in response to a Chinese-originated hacking attack on them and other US tech companies, they were no longer willing to censor searches in China and would pull out of the country completely if necessary. Read the specific description to see if this is an error that you should address. The sudden reversal blindsided Chinese officials. Get information on latest national and international events & more. To learn the index status of a specific URL, use the URL Inspection tool. Google has approved Donald Trumps Twitter-like social media app Truth Social for distribution in the Google Play Store, Axios has learned.. Why it matters: Nearly half of U.S. smartphone users rely on Googles Android operating system, and the Google Play Store is the primary way Android users can access and download apps to their Check out Funbrain here. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}395934N 1161924E / 39.99278N 116.32333E / 39.99278; 116.32333. The graph on this page shows the count of affected pages over time. You can also fix issues without validating; Google updates your instance count whenever it crawls a page with known issues, whether or not you explicitly requested fix validation. The competitors of Google China include Bing, Sogou and Baidu, often called the "Google of China" because of its resemblance and similarity to Google. We recognize that this may well mean having to shut down Google.cn, and potentially our offices in China". China welcomes international Internet businesses developing services in China according to the law, a foreign ministry spokeswoman told Reuters at the time. You can share issue details in the coverage or enhancement reports by clicking the Share button on the page. If your page has changed substantially since the last recrawl, you can ask Google to recrawl it. Since 27 May 2014, Google's various services have been suspected of having been subject to malicious interference from the Great Firewall of China, as a result of which users became unable to access them. If you think that Google has chosen the right page as canonical, there's nothing else you need to do. The Chinese government cracked down on political speech in 2013, imprisoning critics and instituting new laws against spreading rumors onlinea one-two punch that suffocated political discussion. Some searches, such as (as of June 2009) "Tank Man" were blocked entirely, with only the message, "Search results may not comply with the relevant laws, regulations and policy, and cannot be displayed" appearing. (65535) lets any instance send traffic to any destination, except for traffic blocked by Google Cloud. [73] By criticizing cultural export (in this case, the localization of Google in China), it provided defense to justify the Chinese authorities' censorship control. It may or may not be indexed in the future; no need to resubmit this URL for crawling. Track down and remove the blocking rule in your robots.txt file. In early December, Google CEO Sundar Pichai told a Congressional committee that "right now we have no plans to launch in China," though he would not rule out future plans. They can take advantage of software development tools like TensorFlow and they still have a prestigious Google research lab to train Chinese AI researchers, all without granting Google market access. Experts claimed the aim of the attacks was to gain information on weapon systems, political dissidents, and valuable source code that powers software applications. An issue's First detected date is the first time the issue was detected during the issue's lifetime, and An issue's First detected date is the first time the issue was detected during the issue's lifetime, and does not change. [35], On 1 August 2018, The Intercept reported that Google plans to launch a censored version of its search engine in China, code-named Dragonfly. The question is,if Google wants to come back to China, does China want to let it in? However, it might have other issues that should be addressed, such as mobile usability or structured data issues. WebFunbrain is the leader in online educational interactive content, with hundreds of free games, books & videos for kids of all ages. [18], On 30 June 2010, Google ended the automatic redirect of Google China to Google Hong Kong, and instead placed a link to Google Hong Kong to avoid their Internet Content Provider (ICP) license being revoked. Not any more. WebMixmax is the best sales engagement platform for Gmail. "The block is indiscriminate as all Google services in all countries, encrypted or not, are now blocked in China. The group reported that all Google domains, including Google search, Gmail, and Google Maps, became inaccessible. customer-service@technologyreview.com with a list of newsletters youd like to receive. You can see an example list of URLs and more information about them by clicking View data about indexed pages below the graph. WebGoogle China is a subsidiary of Google.A popular search engine, most services offered by Google China were blocked by the Great Firewall in the People's Republic of China.In 2010, searching via all Google search sites, including Google Mobile, was moved from mainland China to Hong Kong.. By November 2013, Google's search market share in The page request returns what we think is a soft 404 response. The company began to redirect search results from mainland China to its Hong Kong website, which led the Chinese authorities to block the Hong Kong site by making users wait 90 seconds for banned results. This page is marked as canonical for a set of pages, but Google thinks another URL makes a better canonical. A savvy advisor would be likely to think that these risksto Xi, to the Communist Party, and to his or her own careeroutweighed the modest gains to be had from allowing Googles return. If ninety days pass without any recurrences, the issue is removed from the issues table. The examples table shows an example list of pages affected by this issue. Googles Chinese search engine represented the most controversial experiment to date in internet diplomacy. In January 2006, Simplified Chinese Google News was renamed from "Google " (Google News) to "Google " (Google Information). To avoid showing you an eternally growing list of 404 errors, the Index Coverage report shows only URLs that have shown 404 errors in the past month. Look at the crawl date for your URL (which should be visible in either the URL details page in the Index Coverage report or in the indexed version view in the URL Inspection tool). Theyve demonstrated the ability to mobilize quickly and effectively, as with the protests against US defense contracts and a walkout last November over how the company has dealt with sexual harassment. Those employees are the key to the third battleground. The page was indexed despite being blocked by your website's robots.txt file. WebIn computing, a denial-of-service attack (DoS attack) is a cyber-attack in which the perpetrator seeks to make a machine or network resource unavailable to its intended users by temporarily or indefinitely disrupting services of a host connected to a network.Denial of service is typically accomplished by flooding the targeted machine or resource with [60], On 12 January 2010, Google announced that it was "no longer willing to continue censoring" results on Google.cn, citing a breach of Gmail accounts of Chinese human rights activists including thousands of activists involved with the religious movement Falun Gong and hundreds of overseas activists in fields such as encryption, intellectual property and democracy. In a speech to the Dragonfly team, later leaked by The Intercept, Ben Gomes, Googles head of search, explained Googles aims. If you do want Googlebot to index this page, you should either admitting non-signed-in users or explicitly allow Googlebot requests without authentication (though you should verify its identity). In general, we recommend fixing only 404 errors that you link to yourself or list in a sitemap. A popular search engine, most services offered by Google China were blocked by the Great Firewall in the People's Republic of China. Baidu and other search engines in China soon followed suit. Official Google Blog: Google in China, 27 January 2006. On 12 April 2006, Google's Global CEO Eric Schmidt announced Google's Chinese name as "" (The Chinese character version of GG) in Beijing. [55] Google set up computer systems inside China that try to access Web sites outside the country. The purpose of a secondary crawl is to try to get more information about how your site behaves when visited by users on another device type. The documents The Intercept obtained said the app would still tell users when results had been censored. An issue is marked as fixed for a URL or item when either of the following conditions are met: An issue's lifetime extends from the first time any instance of that issue was detected on your site until 90 days after the last instance was marked as gone from your site. Googles reentry would also help legitimize the Communist Partys approach to internet governance, a signal that China is an indispensable marketand an open oneas long as you play by the rules.. [12][13][14] At the time, Hong Kong was vested with independent judicial power[15] and was not subject to most Chinese laws,[16] including those requiring the restriction of free flow of information and censorship of Internet traffic. Goo Goo! The attack, which Google said came from within China, pushed company leadership over the edge. After that period, Googlebot may go back and index the page even if you do not submit another index request. During a validation attempt, it will be labeled, If the page is not available to Google for any reason (page removed, marked noindex, requires authentication, and so on), the issue will be considered as fixed for that URL. For example, if the primary crawler for your site is Smartphone, the secondary crawler is Desktop; if the primary crawler is Desktop, your secondary crawler is Smartphone. Use the. Use the URL Inspection tool to see whether Google can see the live page. Possible reasons are that the page might be cloaked to Google or the page might be in a format that Google can't index. This link grants access only to the current issue details page, plus any validation history pages for this issue, to anyone with the link. WebGoogle Scholar library. The Index Coverage report shows the Google indexing status of all URLs that Google knows about in your property. Allowing Google back in would only diminish its leverage. You can see details about the chosen issue by clicking Learn more at the top of the page. To answer that question, try thinking like an advisor to President Xi Jinping. ), This page was last edited on 19 November 2022, at 04:41. Therefore, if you see a URL with an issue that you have fixed, be sure to check the crawl date for that URL. A server error means that Googlebot couldn't access your URL, the request timed out, or your site was busy. Try refreshing this page and updating them one The Chinese government hated it, says Kaiser Kuo, former head of international communications for Baidu. Google Clouds Chinese-born chief scientist, Fei-Fei Li, would oversee the new center. Check your site host's documentation to learn how to publish your pages and make them findable by search engines. If you don't want the page indexed, use 'noindex', require authorization for the page, or remove the page. When Google tried to index the page it encountered a 'noindex' directive and therefore did not index it. Read the description about the specific error type to learn how to handle it best. (If you don't have a good knowledge of what these terms mean, please read how Google Search works). The two sides settled into a tense stalemate. Common reasons for large groups of non-indexed pages include: Error spikes might be caused by a change in your template that introduces a new error, or you might have submitted a sitemap that includes URLs that are blocked for crawling by robots.txt, noindex, or a login requirement. [Chinese officials] were really on their back foot, and it looked like they might cave and make some kind of accommodation, says Kuo. Alternate language pages are not detected by Search Console. You can track Google's progress in confirming your fixes, and see a log of all pages queued for checking, and the fix status of each URL. If this is a new site or page, remember that it can take some time for Google to find and crawl new sites or pages. If you think this page is not a duplicate of the Google-chosen canonical, you should ensure that the content between the pages differs substantively. ndex coverage status in Search Console - Google Search Console Training, verify whether a crawler is actually Googlebot, request a change in Googlebot's crawl rate. [49][50] In August 2008, Google China launched a music download service, Google Music.[51]. Although some services like Google Maps and Google Translate remained functional, users from certain places still were unable to visit them. [8][9] Google used its Chinese name, GG ("harvest song"), but it never caught on with Chinese internet users.[10]. Whether you have requested validation of a fix for this issue, and if so, what the status of the validation attempt is. If the page is listed as not indexed in the URL Inspection tool (which is what you'd expect), test the live page. If the current instance exists in any of these pages, validation ends, and the validation state remains unchanged. WebAn issue's lifetime extends from the first time any instance of that issue was detected on your site until 90 days after the last instance was marked as gone from your site. [14], On 30 March 2010, searching via all Google search sites in all languages was banned in mainland China; any attempt to search using Google resulted in a DNS error. This page appears in the Google index, but for some reason Google could not read the content. Try debugging your page using the URL Inspection tool. They compared it to coming to my house for dinner and saying, I will agree to eat the food, but I dont like it. Google hadnt asked the government for permission before implementing the notice but wasnt ordered to remove it. In addition, the block covers Google Hong Kong, google.com, and all other country specific versions, e.g., Google Japan. The Chinese government places high hopes on AI as an all-purpose tool for economic activity, military power, and social governance, including surveillance. If the issue is not found, the instance validation state changes to, If the URL is no longer reachable, the instance validation state changes to, If the instance is still present, issue state changes to, When queued URLs have been checked for this issue and found to be fixed of this issue, the issue state changes to, Validation will restartfor all URLs marked, The instance status applies to the specific issue that you are examining. [69] Accusations were made by Baidu, a competing Chinese search engine, that Google was pulling out for financial rather than other reasons. Test your sitemap URL using a publicly available sitemap testing tool. The server encountered a 4xx error not covered by any other issue type described here. Index coverage status in Search Console - Google Search Console Training. WebFlexibility at Every Step Build student confidence, problem-solving and critical-thinking skills by customizing the learning experience. See Fixing server errors. Google continues to crawl all known URLs even after they return 4XX errors for a while, in case it's a temporary error. [25] This was the first time Google China used the ".cn" domain name again after giving up Google China. Google soon abandoned google.cn, retreating to a Hong Kongbased search engine. On January 12, 2010, Google announced, We have decided we are no longer willing to continue censoring our results on Google.cn, and so over the next few weeks we will be discussing with the Chinese government the basis on which we could operate an unfiltered search engine within the law, if at all.. [58], On 9 April 2007, Google China spokesman Cui Jin admitted that the pinyin Google Input Method Editor (IME) "was built leveraging some non-Google database resources". Google China is a subsidiary of Google. Watch game, team & player highlights, Fantasy football videos, NFL event coverage & more AlphaGo won all three games in the matcha result that the government had perhaps foreseen. [26][27], On 31 August 2017, Google China announced TensorFlow China (tensorflow.google.cn).[28]. The final target URL might be indexed, and should appear in this report. While Google won't crawl or index the content blocked by a robots.txt file, we might still find and index a disallowed URL if it is linked from other places on the web. [54], A US PBS analysis reported clear differences between results returned for controversial keywords by the censored and uncensored search engines. According to official statistics, google.com was accessible 90% of the time, and a number of services were not available at all.[53]. Neither do its benefits. (Li left Google in September 2018 and returned to Stanford University, where she is a professor.). contentDetails.regionRestriction. Wait for a validation cycle to complete before requesting another cycle, even if you have fixed some issues during the current cycle. WebThe destination for all NFL-related videos. WebAn Edinburgh and Lothians' perspective on news, sport, what's on, lifestyle and more, from Scotland's capital city paper, the Edinburgh Evening News. Ideally you should see a gradually increasing count of indexed pages as your site grows. Elon said no thanks to using his mega-constellation for navigation. (If the AMP Test does not show the error on the page, it is because you fixed the error on the live page after Google found the error and generated this issue report.). I dont think theyve ever faced a problem like the Chinese Communist Party.. If you think this page is not a duplicate of the Google-chosen canonical, you should ensure that the content between the pages differs substantively. Amidst this home-grown success, the Chinese government decided to break the uneasy truce with Google. ICMP response traffic, such as "ICMP TYPE 3, DESTINATION UNREACHABLE", generated in response to an allowed TCP/UDP connection is allowed through the firewall. In 2016, Chinese search engines began removing the censorship disclaimers that Google had pioneered. Chr Check and confirm your fix, then request re-indexing. Google could serve as a valuable partner to Chinese companies looking to expand internationally, as it has demonstrated in a patent-sharing partnership with Tencent and a $550 million investment in e-commerce giant JD. WebProPakistani is the premier and most trustworthy resource for all happenings in technology, telecom, business, sports, auto, education, real estate and entertainment news in Pakistan. This process can take several days or even longer, and you will receive progress notifications by email. [48] The first CNNIC report, published on 10 October 1997, estimated the number of Chinese Internet users at fewer than 650thousand people. 2022 tpm media llc. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Google_China&oldid=1122707790, Chinese subsidiaries of foreign companies, CS1 Chinese (China)-language sources (zh-cn), CS1 Simplified Chinese-language sources (zh-hans), Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Chinese-language text, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from June 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2018, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2013, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Limited access; redirects to Google Hong Kong, The song of the valley. 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