In addition to reporting the presence of the fracture a number of features should be sought and in many instances commented upon as relevant negatives: cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR): rib fracture occurs in 1 in 3 5; fetal rib fractures: caused by skeletal dysplasias; radiation-induced rib fractures 8,9; spontaneous: spontaneous rib fracture; Radiographic features Plain radiograph. Tibial tuberosity avulsion fractures are uncommon. Epidemiology These fractures have an incidence 0.4% to 2.7%, and males are affected more-so than females. A trochanteric fracture is a fracture involving the greater and/or lesser trochanters of the femur.. Fractures are best visualized on coronal and sagittal reformatted images. Radiographic features. It was originally described as a four-part fracture with double fractures through the anterior and posterior arches, but three-part and two-part fractures have also been described. The mechanism of injury is variable, and can occur both during flexion or extension, and with or without compression 5. Mechanism. Conveniently the Salter-Harris types can be remembered by the mnemonic SALTR.. type I. slipped; 5-7%; fracture plane passes all the way through the growth Plain radiograph. Galeazzi fracture-dislocations are unstable requiring surgical intervention, which involves open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of the radial fracture, intraoperative assessment of the distal radioulnar joint for reducibility and stability, and subsequent Kirschner wire fixation of the ulna to the radius, triangular fibrocartilage complex The imaging modality of choice, permitting identification of; Segond fracture is an avulsion fracture of the knee that involves the lateral aspect of the tibial plateau and is very frequently (~75% of cases) associated with disruption of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Pathology. Although it appears complicated, it is Vertebra plana (plural: vertebrae planae), also known as the pancake, silver dollar or coin-on-edge vertebra, is the term given when a vertebral body has lost almost its entire height anteriorly and posteriorly, representing a very advanced compression fracture. Traction (either skin or skeletal traction) is usually a temporary solution when surgery is required. Pathology Mechanism. The Bado classification is used to subdivide the fracture-dislocation into four types which all have different treatment options and prognoses and is based on the principle that the direction in which the apex of the ulnar fracture points is the same The Lisfranc ligament attaches the medial cuneiform to the 2 nd metatarsal base via three bands, the dorsal ligament, interosseous ligament and the Barton fractures are fractures of the distal radius.It is also sometimes termed the dorsal type Barton fracture to distinguish it from the volar type or reverse Barton fracture.. Barton fractures extend through the dorsal aspect to the articular surface but not to the volar aspect. Classification. Mandibular fractures are relatively common especially among young men. In addition to reporting the presence of the fracture a number of features should be sought and in many instances commented upon as relevant negatives: Some advocate the reduction of a bowing fracture where angulation exceeds 20 degrees. Pathology. Associations ~65% of patients with spondylolysis will progress to spondylolisthesis 2, which is seen radiographically in ~25% 4; in most patients this occurs before the age of 16; spina bifida occulta Treatment and prognosis. Usually, this kind of fracture occurs as the result of a fall on an outstretched arm and is often associated with a distal radius fracture. Treatment and prognosis. CT. Practical points. Fusion of the apophysis to the metatarsal base usually occurs within the following 2-4 years 3,4. Odontoid process fracture, also known as a peg or dens fracture, occurs where there is a fracture through the odontoid process of C2. fracture through the physis Rarely, a torus fracture may refer to the fracture of an oral torus, and there is potential for the two terms to be confused 10. The Salter-Harris classification was proposed by Salter and Harris in 1963 1 and at the time of writing (June 2016) remains the most widely used system for describing physeal fractures.. Important aspects of evaluation include: occipital condyle integrity. The proximal 5 th metatarsal is the site of a number of fractures and variants which mimic fractures. There are two classification systems 5,6. Although traditionally the mandible and base of skull are thought to form a complete bony ring, interrupted only by the TMJs.This should mean that the mandible should fracture in two places (akin to the bony pelvis) making single fractures uncommon, but this in fact not the case, with ~40% of On the frontal knee radiograph, it may On the frontal knee radiograph, it may CT is the best modality for identifying an occipital condyle fracture 6. Classification. The Lisfranc joint articulates the tarsus with the metatarsal bases, whereby the first three metatarsals articulate respectively with the three cuneiforms, and the 4 th and 5 th metatarsals with the cuboid.. Galeazzi fracture-dislocations are unstable requiring surgical intervention, which involves open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of the radial fracture, intraoperative assessment of the distal radioulnar joint for reducibility and stability, and subsequent Kirschner wire fixation of the ulna to the radius, triangular fibrocartilage complex This fracture is very different, and much less common, than the torus fracture that results in buckling of the cortex on the concave side of the bend and an intact convex surface. This fracture is very different, and much less common, than the torus fracture that results in buckling of the cortex on the concave side of the bend and an intact convex surface. associated fractures (e.g. It is also known as backfire fracture or lorry driver fracture 1. Pathology Anatomy. Some advocate the reduction of a bowing fracture where angulation exceeds 20 degrees. Non-operative management 6 may be indicated in the setting of minimally displaced fracture. Salter-Harris type I fractures describe a fracture that is completely contained within the physis. Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) avulsion fractures are a type of avulsion fracture of the knee that represent the most common isolated PCL lesion. They should not be confused with fatigue fractures which are due to abnormal stresses on normal bone, or with pathological fractures, the result of diseased, weakened bone due to focal pathology such as Fractures in these regions can be classified as: intertrochanteric fracture; pertrochanteric: intertrochanteric, involving both trochanters; subtrochanteric fracture; greater trochanteric avulsion fracture This typically involves separation of the tibial attachment of the ACL to variable degrees. It should be noted that cartilaginous injuries cannot be detected radiologically and that imaging of simple nasal bone fractures often adds little to patient management. Terminology. It is interesting to note that the word chauffeur comes from the French for "someone who warms" the car engine. It is more common in men than in women 1.. cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR): rib fracture occurs in 1 in 3 5; fetal rib fractures: caused by skeletal dysplasias; radiation-induced rib fractures 8,9; spontaneous: spontaneous rib fracture; Radiographic features Plain radiograph. degree of displacement; location of the displaced fragment; presence of a fracture of the adjacent humeral metaphysis Pathology. They should not be confused with fatigue fractures which are due to abnormal stresses on normal bone, or with pathological fractures, the result of diseased, weakened bone due to focal pathology such as These include: stress fracture of the 5 th metatarsal; Jones fracture; avulsion fracture of the proximal 5 th metatarsal; os vesalianum pedis; os peroneum; normal apophysis of the proximal 5 th metatarsal ; The biomechanics of the fractures differ as do their natural On the frontal knee radiograph, it may Anderson and D'Alonzo Insufficiency fractures are a type of stress fracture, which are the result of normal stresses on abnormal bone. It is interesting to note that the word chauffeur comes from the French for "someone who warms" the car engine. Radiographic features. The mechanism of injury is variable, and can occur both during flexion or extension, and with or without compression 5. usually mid-diaphyseal; occur in tandem with angulation; incomplete fracture, with cortical breach of only one side of the bone Fractures in these regions can be classified as: intertrochanteric fracture; pertrochanteric: intertrochanteric, involving both trochanters; subtrochanteric fracture; greater trochanteric avulsion fracture Traditionally this avulsion fracture has been ascribed to the insertion of peroneus brevis and is caused by forcible inversion of the foot in plantar flexion, as may occur while stepping on a curb or climbing steps. Pathology. Although it appears complicated, it is The fracture complex results from a direct blow to the malar eminence and results in three distinct fracture components that disrupt the anchoring of the zygoma. The Frykman classification of distal radial fractures is based on the AP appearance and encompasses the eponymous entities of Colles fracture, Smith fracture, Barton fracture, chauffeur fracture.. Epidemiology. cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR): rib fracture occurs in 1 in 3 5; fetal rib fractures: caused by skeletal dysplasias; radiation-induced rib fractures 8,9; spontaneous: spontaneous rib fracture; Radiographic features Plain radiograph. type I: avulsion of anterior glenoid margin; type II: transverse or oblique fracture through glenoid fossa exiting inferiorly; type III: oblique fracture through glenoid fossa exiting superiorly and associated with acromioclavicular joint injury; type IV: transverse fracture exiting through the medial scapular border type 1: avulsion of the tip of the coronoid process In addition to stating that a medial epicondylar fracture is present, a number of features should be sought and commented upon: avulsion. Practical points. A Shepherd fracture refers to a fracture of the lateral tubercle of the posterior process. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) avulsion fracture or tibial eminence avulsion fracture is a type of avulsion fracture of the knee. Due to the aforementioned characteristics, the fracture typically resembles: Salter-Harris 3 fracture on AP Salter-Harris 2 fracture on lateral Small dislocations and the vertical fracture itself are frequently overlooked, and CT is advised if there is concern. Insufficiency fractures are a type of stress fracture, which are the result of normal stresses on abnormal bone. associated fractures (e.g. In addition to stating that a medial epicondylar fracture is present, a number of features should be sought and commented upon: avulsion. This fracture is very different, and much less common, than the torus fracture that results in buckling of the cortex on the concave side of the bend and an intact convex surface. Salter-Harris type I fractures describe a fracture that is completely contained within the physis. It can occur in a variety of settings, including: trauma; osteoporosis Classification. The fracture is easy to recognize on plain film. Mandibular fractures are relatively common especially among young men. fracture through the physis These type of fractures are more common in children, especially aged 5-10 years, due to the elasticity of their bones. Terminology. Classification. Radiographic features. The apophysis of the proximal 5 th metatarsal (plural apophyses) lies laterally and is oriented longitudinally parallel to the shaft.. Apophysis of the fifth metatarsal base appears on plain radiographs at age 12 years for boys and 10 years for girls. Fracture of the coronoid process is thought to result from elbow hyperextension with either avulsion of the brachialis tendon insertion or shearing off by the trochlea 1.. Galeazzi fracture-dislocations are unstable requiring surgical intervention, which involves open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of the radial fracture, intraoperative assessment of the distal radioulnar joint for reducibility and stability, and subsequent Kirschner wire fixation of the ulna to the radius, triangular fibrocartilage complex Pathology Mechanism. Traditionally this avulsion fracture has been ascribed to the insertion of peroneus brevis and is caused by forcible inversion of the foot in plantar flexion, as may occur while stepping on a curb or climbing steps. Associations ~65% of patients with spondylolysis will progress to spondylolisthesis 2, which is seen radiographically in ~25% 4; in most patients this occurs before the age of 16; spina bifida occulta It is for this reason that the 5 th metatarsal base must be included in the lateral ankle projection of an ankle series, especially when performed for an Mechanism. Traditionally this avulsion fracture has been ascribed to the insertion of peroneus brevis and is caused by forcible inversion of the foot in plantar flexion, as may occur while stepping on a curb or climbing steps. Due to the aforementioned characteristics, the fracture typically resembles: Salter-Harris 3 fracture on AP Salter-Harris 2 fracture on lateral Small dislocations and the vertical fracture itself are frequently overlooked, and CT is advised if there is concern. There is no associated bone fragment. These type of fractures are more common in children, especially aged 5-10 years, due to the elasticity of their bones. The Lisfranc ligament attaches the medial cuneiform to the 2 nd metatarsal base via three bands, the dorsal ligament, interosseous ligament and the type 1: avulsion of the tip of the coronoid process Fractures in these regions can be classified as: intertrochanteric fracture; pertrochanteric: intertrochanteric, involving both trochanters; subtrochanteric fracture; greater trochanteric avulsion fracture The mechanism of injury is variable, and can occur both during flexion or extension, and with or without compression 5. Some advocate the reduction of a bowing fracture where angulation exceeds 20 degrees. Although traditionally the mandible and base of skull are thought to form a complete bony ring, interrupted only by the TMJs.This should mean that the mandible should fracture in two places (akin to the bony pelvis) making single fractures uncommon, but this in fact not the case, with ~40% of type I: avulsion of anterior glenoid margin; type II: transverse or oblique fracture through glenoid fossa exiting inferiorly; type III: oblique fracture through glenoid fossa exiting superiorly and associated with acromioclavicular joint injury; type IV: transverse fracture exiting through the medial scapular border Jefferson fracture is the eponymous name given to a burst fracture of the atlas. CT is the best modality for identifying an occipital condyle fracture 6. The Bado classification is used to subdivide the fracture-dislocation into four types which all have different treatment options and prognoses and is based on the principle that the direction in which the apex of the ulnar fracture points is the same orbital blow-out fracture; frontal process of the maxilla; Nasal septal hematoma should also be actively assessed. Sometimes the fractures may not seem very apparent on x Conveniently the Salter-Harris types can be remembered by the mnemonic SALTR.. type I. slipped; 5-7%; fracture plane passes all the way through the growth A trochanteric fracture is a fracture involving the greater and/or lesser trochanters of the femur.. Radiographic features Plain radiograph. Pathology. Colles fractures are the most common type of distal radial fracture and are seen in all adult age groups and demographics. Jefferson fracture is the eponymous name given to a burst fracture of the atlas. Classification. Tibial tuberosity avulsion fractures are uncommon. Classification. associated fractures (e.g. A Shepherd fracture refers to a fracture of the lateral tubercle of the posterior process. Coronoid process fractures have been classified into three types within the Regan and Morrey classification system 1:. In addition to stating that a medial epicondylar fracture is present, a number of features should be sought and commented upon: avulsion. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) avulsion fracture or tibial eminence avulsion fracture is a type of avulsion fracture of the knee. Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) avulsion fractures are a type of avulsion fracture of the knee that represent the most common isolated PCL lesion. Epidemiology. It should be noted that cartilaginous injuries cannot be detected radiologically and that imaging of simple nasal bone fractures often adds little to patient management. The apophysis of the proximal 5 th metatarsal (plural apophyses) lies laterally and is oriented longitudinally parallel to the shaft.. Apophysis of the fifth metatarsal base appears on plain radiographs at age 12 years for boys and 10 years for girls. usually mid-diaphyseal; occur in tandem with angulation; incomplete fracture, with cortical breach of only one side of the bone Classification. Classification. Colles fractures are the most common type of distal radial fracture and are seen in all adult age groups and demographics. Epidemiology. They are particularly common in patients with osteoporosis, and as such, they are most frequently seen in elderly women.The relationship between Colles fractures and osteoporosis is strong enough that when an older male patient The fracture is easy to recognize on plain film. In isolation, treatment of bowing fractures is debated 2. Rarely, a torus fracture may refer to the fracture of an oral torus, and there is potential for the two terms to be confused 10. It was originally described as a four-part fracture with double fractures through the anterior and posterior arches, but three-part and two-part fractures have also been described. For example, someone who lives alone may not be able to do so without the use of one arm. A Shepherd fracture refers to a fracture of the lateral tubercle of the posterior process. An elongated lateral tubercle of the posterior process of the talus is referred to as a Stieda process, so occasionally these fractures are described as Stieda process fractures.. A Cedell fracture is a fracture of the medial tubercle of the posterior process. Practical points. Non-operative management 6 may be indicated in the setting of minimally displaced fracture. This case illustrates the difference in the appearance of an avulsion fracture and an apophysis at the base of the 5th metatarsal, as both are present simultaneously in this 10 year old patient. Colles fracture or other carpal bone fractures) evidence of avascular necrosis if the fracture is subacute; Importantly if no fracture is seen it is essential to recommend repeat x-rays (including dedicated scaphoid views) in 7-10 days 1. Management depends not only on the type of fracture but also importantly on the functional status and living situation of the patient. Conveniently the Salter-Harris types can be remembered by the mnemonic SALTR.. type I. slipped; 5-7%; fracture plane passes all the way through the growth Classification. Insufficiency fractures are a type of stress fracture, which are the result of normal stresses on abnormal bone. The Lisfranc ligament attaches the medial cuneiform to the 2 nd metatarsal base via three bands, the dorsal ligament, interosseous ligament and the fracture through the physis Dorsal avulsion fracture. In isolation, treatment of bowing fractures is debated 2. Although it appears complicated, it is Skeletal traction may not be required if the fracture pattern is stable and the fracture is outside the weight bearing zone. fracture through the adjacent humeral metaphysis; Radiology report. Classification. It is interesting to note that the word chauffeur comes from the French for "someone who warms" the car engine. fracture through the adjacent humeral metaphysis; Radiology report. Due to the aforementioned characteristics, the fracture typically resembles: Salter-Harris 3 fracture on AP Salter-Harris 2 fracture on lateral Small dislocations and the vertical fracture itself are frequently overlooked, and CT is advised if there is concern. degree of displacement; location of the displaced fragment; presence of a fracture of the adjacent humeral metaphysis Treatment and prognosis. Segond fracture is an avulsion fracture of the knee that involves the lateral aspect of the tibial plateau and is very frequently (~75% of cases) associated with disruption of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). The proximal 5 th metatarsal is the site of a number of fractures and variants which mimic fractures. There are two classification systems 5,6. Rarely, a torus fracture may refer to the fracture of an oral torus, and there is potential for the two terms to be confused 10. comminuted fracture: suggests impaction. type 1: avulsion of the tip of the coronoid process Plain radiograph. Dorsal avulsion fractures account for about 95% all triquetral fractures, most of the remainder are body fractures 4. Epidemiology. Epidemiology. Looser zones are also a type of insufficiency fracture. They should not be confused with fatigue fractures which are due to abnormal stresses on normal bone, or with pathological fractures, the result of diseased, weakened bone due to focal pathology such as Dorsal avulsion fracture. Spondylolysis is present in ~5% of the population 2 and higher in the adolescent athletic population. Vertebra plana (plural: vertebrae planae), also known as the pancake, silver dollar or coin-on-edge vertebra, is the term given when a vertebral body has lost almost its entire height anteriorly and posteriorly, representing a very advanced compression fracture. comminuted fracture: suggests impaction. Odontoid process fracture, also known as a peg or dens fracture, occurs where there is a fracture through the odontoid process of C2. It can occur in a variety of settings, including: trauma; osteoporosis Bowing fractures usually accompany another fracture and in those cases, treatment is determined according to the type and severity of the accompanying injury. Traction (either skin or skeletal traction) is usually a temporary solution when surgery is required. Fractures are best visualized on coronal and sagittal reformatted images. Case Discussion. They are particularly common in patients with osteoporosis, and as such, they are most frequently seen in elderly women.The relationship between Colles fractures and osteoporosis is strong enough that when an older male patient It can occur in a variety of settings, including: trauma; osteoporosis orbital blow-out fracture; frontal process of the maxilla; Nasal septal hematoma should also be actively assessed. It assesses the pattern of fractures, involvement of the radioulnar joint and presence of a distal ulnar fracture.. Fusion of the apophysis to the metatarsal base usually occurs within the following 2-4 years 3,4. Classification. In reality, the majority of fractures that involve the physis have at least a small fragment of metaphysis associated with them and are therefore type II injuries. For example, someone who lives alone may not be able to do so without the use of one arm. Management depends not only on the type of fracture but also importantly on the functional status and living situation of the patient. Looser zones are also a type of insufficiency fracture. An elongated lateral tubercle of the posterior process of the talus is referred to as a Stieda process, so occasionally these fractures are described as Stieda process fractures.. A Cedell fracture is a fracture of the medial tubercle of the posterior process. Coronoid process fractures have been classified into three types within the Regan and Morrey classification system 1:. Fusion of the apophysis to the metatarsal base usually occurs within the following 2-4 years 3,4. Management depends not only on the type of fracture but also importantly on the functional status and living situation of the patient. These include: stress fracture of the 5 th metatarsal; Jones fracture; avulsion fracture of the proximal 5 th metatarsal; os vesalianum pedis; os peroneum; normal apophysis of the proximal 5 th metatarsal ; The biomechanics of the fractures differ as do their natural Epidemiology. Colles fracture or other carpal bone fractures) evidence of avascular necrosis if the fracture is subacute; Importantly if no fracture is seen it is essential to recommend repeat x-rays (including dedicated scaphoid views) in 7-10 days 1. Case Discussion. It is also known as backfire fracture or lorry driver fracture 1. In isolation, treatment of bowing fractures is debated 2. Vertebra plana (plural: vertebrae planae), also known as the pancake, silver dollar or coin-on-edge vertebra, is the term given when a vertebral body has lost almost its entire height anteriorly and posteriorly, representing a very advanced compression fracture. Mechanism. Mandibular fractures are relatively common especially among young men. scapular fracture; clavicle fracture; distal radial fracture (especially Colles fracture) Treatment and prognosis. Segond fracture is an avulsion fracture of the knee that involves the lateral aspect of the tibial plateau and is very frequently (~75% of cases) associated with disruption of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Dorsal avulsion fractures account for about 95% all triquetral fractures, most of the remainder are body fractures 4. It is for this reason that the 5 th metatarsal base must be included in the lateral ankle projection of an ankle series, especially when performed for an Typically, Monteggia fracture-dislocations occur as the result of a fall onto an outstretched hand (FOOSH) 4.. may miss up to 50% of rib fractures even with dedicated oblique rib projections 1; Ultrasound For example, someone who lives alone may not be able to do so without the use of one arm. There is no associated bone fragment. It is for this reason that the 5 th metatarsal base must be included in the lateral ankle projection of an ankle series, especially when performed for an intra-articular glenoid fracture. The imaging modality of choice, permitting identification of; Fracture of the coronoid process is thought to result from elbow hyperextension with either avulsion of the brachialis tendon insertion or shearing off by the trochlea 1.. It is more common in men than in women 1.. Non-operative management 6 may be indicated in the setting of minimally displaced fracture. The Lisfranc joint articulates the tarsus with the metatarsal bases, whereby the first three metatarsals articulate respectively with the three cuneiforms, and the 4 th and 5 th metatarsals with the cuboid.. Colles fracture or other carpal bone fractures) evidence of avascular necrosis if the fracture is subacute; Importantly if no fracture is seen it is essential to recommend repeat x-rays (including dedicated scaphoid views) in 7-10 days 1. It is also known as backfire fracture or lorry driver fracture 1. It was originally described as a four-part fracture with double fractures through the anterior and posterior arches, but three-part and two-part fractures have also been described. Dorsal avulsion fracture. Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) avulsion fractures are a type of avulsion fracture of the knee that represent the most common isolated PCL lesion. A trochanteric fracture is a fracture involving the greater and/or lesser trochanters of the femur.. Classification. Usually, this kind of fracture occurs as the result of a fall on an outstretched arm and is often associated with a distal radius fracture. CT. Tibial tuberosity avulsion fractures are uncommon. The Salter-Harris classification was proposed by Salter and Harris in 1963 1 and at the time of writing (June 2016) remains the most widely used system for describing physeal fractures.. It should be noted that cartilaginous injuries cannot be detected radiologically and that imaging of simple nasal bone fractures often adds little to patient management. Spondylolysis is present in ~5% of the population 2 and higher in the adolescent athletic population. An elongated lateral tubercle of the posterior process of the talus is referred to as a Stieda process, so occasionally these fractures are described as Stieda process fractures.. A Cedell fracture is a fracture of the medial tubercle of the posterior process. Classification. Jefferson fracture is the eponymous name given to a burst fracture of the atlas. may miss up to 50% of rib fractures even with dedicated oblique rib projections 1; Ultrasound The imaging modality of choice, permitting identification of; Radiographic features Plain radiograph. Spondylolysis is present in ~5% of the population 2 and higher in the adolescent athletic population. Looser zones are also a type of insufficiency fracture. It assesses the pattern of fractures, involvement of the radioulnar joint and presence of a distal ulnar fracture.. These type of fractures are more common in children, especially aged 5-10 years, due to the elasticity of their bones. The fracture complex results from a direct blow to the malar eminence and results in three distinct fracture components that disrupt the anchoring of the zygoma. comminuted fracture: suggests impaction. Typically, Monteggia fracture-dislocations occur as the result of a fall onto an outstretched hand (FOOSH) 4.. This case illustrates the difference in the appearance of an avulsion fracture and an apophysis at the base of the 5th metatarsal, as both are present simultaneously in this 10 year old patient. Terminology. There are two classification systems 5,6. type I: avulsion of anterior glenoid margin; type II: transverse or oblique fracture through glenoid fossa exiting inferiorly; type III: oblique fracture through glenoid fossa exiting superiorly and associated with acromioclavicular joint injury; type IV: transverse fracture exiting through the medial scapular border Pathology. Classification. Sometimes the fractures may not seem very apparent on x Radiographic features. Pathology Anatomy. This typically involves separation of the tibial attachment of the ACL to variable degrees. Bowing fractures usually accompany another fracture and in those cases, treatment is determined according to the type and severity of the accompanying injury. Anderson and D'Alonzo orbital blow-out fracture; frontal process of the maxilla; Nasal septal hematoma should also be actively assessed. Sometimes the fractures may not seem very apparent on x Epidemiology These fractures have an incidence 0.4% to 2.7%, and males are affected more-so than females. Classification. Fractures are best visualized on coronal and sagittal reformatted images. This typically involves separation of the tibial attachment of the ACL to variable degrees. usually mid-diaphyseal; occur in tandem with angulation; incomplete fracture, with cortical breach of only one side of the bone Coronoid process fractures have been classified into three types within the Regan and Morrey classification system 1:. CT is the best modality for identifying an occipital condyle fracture 6. Pathology. In reality, the majority of fractures that involve the physis have at least a small fragment of metaphysis associated with them and are therefore type II injuries. Traction (either skin or skeletal traction) is usually a temporary solution when surgery is required. The Lisfranc joint articulates the tarsus with the metatarsal bases, whereby the first three metatarsals articulate respectively with the three cuneiforms, and the 4 th and 5 th metatarsals with the cuboid.. Radiographic features Plain radiograph. Pathology. Epidemiology. In addition to reporting the presence of the fracture a number of features should be sought and in many instances commented upon as relevant negatives: In reality, the majority of fractures that involve the physis have at least a small fragment of metaphysis associated with them and are therefore type II injuries. fracture through the adjacent humeral metaphysis; Radiology report. Epidemiology These fractures have an incidence 0.4% to 2.7%, and males are affected more-so than females. Pathology Mechanism. Barton fractures are fractures of the distal radius.It is also sometimes termed the dorsal type Barton fracture to distinguish it from the volar type or reverse Barton fracture.. Barton fractures extend through the dorsal aspect to the articular surface but not to the volar aspect. Epidemiology. These include: stress fracture of the 5 th metatarsal; Jones fracture; avulsion fracture of the proximal 5 th metatarsal; os vesalianum pedis; os peroneum; normal apophysis of the proximal 5 th metatarsal ; The biomechanics of the fractures differ as do their natural Epidemiology. The proximal 5 th metatarsal is the site of a number of fractures and variants which mimic fractures. They are particularly common in patients with osteoporosis, and as such, they are most frequently seen in elderly women.The relationship between Colles fractures and osteoporosis is strong enough that when an older male patient Barton fractures are fractures of the distal radius.It is also sometimes termed the dorsal type Barton fracture to distinguish it from the volar type or reverse Barton fracture.. Barton fractures extend through the dorsal aspect to the articular surface but not to the volar aspect. scapular fracture; clavicle fracture; distal radial fracture (especially Colles fracture) Treatment and prognosis. Associations ~65% of patients with spondylolysis will progress to spondylolisthesis 2, which is seen radiographically in ~25% 4; in most patients this occurs before the age of 16; spina bifida occulta This case illustrates the difference in the appearance of an avulsion fracture and an apophysis at the base of the 5th metatarsal, as both are present simultaneously in this 10 year old patient. The fracture is easy to recognize on plain film. Pathology. Classification. The Frykman classification of distal radial fractures is based on the AP appearance and encompasses the eponymous entities of Colles fracture, Smith fracture, Barton fracture, chauffeur fracture.. Classification. Plain radiograph. The apophysis of the proximal 5 th metatarsal (plural apophyses) lies laterally and is oriented longitudinally parallel to the shaft.. Apophysis of the fifth metatarsal base appears on plain radiographs at age 12 years for boys and 10 years for girls. Classification. degree of displacement; location of the displaced fragment; presence of a fracture of the adjacent humeral metaphysis may miss up to 50% of rib fractures even with dedicated oblique rib projections 1; Ultrasound Pathology Anatomy. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) avulsion fracture or tibial eminence avulsion fracture is a type of avulsion fracture of the knee. There is no associated bone fragment. Anderson and D'Alonzo Important aspects of evaluation include: occipital condyle integrity. Skeletal traction may not be required if the fracture pattern is stable and the fracture is outside the weight bearing zone. intra-articular glenoid fracture. Usually, this kind of fracture occurs as the result of a fall on an outstretched arm and is often associated with a distal radius fracture. CT. scapular fracture; clavicle fracture; distal radial fracture (especially Colles fracture) Treatment and prognosis. Dorsal avulsion fractures account for about 95% all triquetral fractures, most of the remainder are body fractures 4. The fracture complex results from a direct blow to the malar eminence and results in three distinct fracture components that disrupt the anchoring of the zygoma. Although traditionally the mandible and base of skull are thought to form a complete bony ring, interrupted only by the TMJs.This should mean that the mandible should fracture in two places (akin to the bony pelvis) making single fractures uncommon, but this in fact not the case, with ~40% of Salter-Harris type I fractures describe a fracture that is completely contained within the physis. Odontoid process fracture, also known as a peg or dens fracture, occurs where there is a fracture through the odontoid process of C2. Typically, Monteggia fracture-dislocations occur as the result of a fall onto an outstretched hand (FOOSH) 4.. intra-articular glenoid fracture. Bowing fractures usually accompany another fracture and in those cases, treatment is determined according to the type and severity of the accompanying injury. Fracture of the coronoid process is thought to result from elbow hyperextension with either avulsion of the brachialis tendon insertion or shearing off by the trochlea 1.. The Frykman classification of distal radial fractures is based on the AP appearance and encompasses the eponymous entities of Colles fracture, Smith fracture, Barton fracture, chauffeur fracture.. Important aspects of evaluation include: occipital condyle integrity. Case Discussion. It assesses the pattern of fractures, involvement of the radioulnar joint and presence of a distal ulnar fracture.. Colles fractures are the most common type of distal radial fracture and are seen in all adult age groups and demographics. The Bado classification is used to subdivide the fracture-dislocation into four types which all have different treatment options and prognoses and is based on the principle that the direction in which the apex of the ulnar fracture points is the same It is more common in men than in women 1.. Radiographic features. Radiographic features. The Salter-Harris classification was proposed by Salter and Harris in 1963 1 and at the time of writing (June 2016) remains the most widely used system for describing physeal fractures.. Skeletal traction may not be required if the fracture pattern is stable and the fracture is outside the weight bearing zone. 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